一种溶液的比例浓度为 1:1000。你需要 0.57 mg。请在 1 mL 注射器中抽取该体积:这是多少体积 V?
1:10000.57 mg
V = mL
12.药学计算困难
一瓶含 250 mg 粉末。你加入 4.6 mL 稀释液,粉末增加 0.4 mL 的体积。处方剂量为 185 mg。请抽取剂量:应给多少体积 V?
250 mg4.6 mL + 0.4 mL185 mg
V = mL
3溶液
1.护理数学与单位换算
答案: x = 0.43 mL
取整:看舍入位后面的那个数字:5 或更大则进位,4 或更小则保持原数字不变。只对最终答案取整,绝不对中间步骤取整。典型的考试规则:1 mL 或以上的体积取到十分位,低于 1 mL 的体积取到百分位,滴速取整到整滴,体重取到一位小数;务必遵循题目所规定的规则。
百分位位上的数字
0.42979 → 2
只看下一位数字
0.42979 → 9
9 大于或等于 5,所以 2 进一。
后面的数字(79)不考虑:只取整一次,不要逐位取整。
取整
x = 0.43 mL
答案
x = 0.43 mL
2.护理数学与单位换算
答案: V = 162.5 mL
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
每一项的 mL 数
2½ tsp = 2.5·5 = 12.5 mL
¼ 杯 = 0.25·240 = 60 mL
1½ fl oz = 1.5·30 = 45 mL
3 tbsp = 3·15 = 45 mL
相加
V = 12.5 + 60 + 45 + 45 = 162.5 mL
答案
V = 162.5 mL
3.剂量计算
答案: V = 0.4 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
混合后的浓度
2000 mg/10 mL = 200 mg/mL
体积
V = 80/200 = 0.4 mL
答案
V = 0.4 mL
4.剂量计算
答案: D = 106 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).