Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = 1·4 + (−5)·2 + (−2)·6 = −18
模
|a| = √(1² + (−5)² + (−2)²) = 5.477
|b| = √(4² + 2² + 6²) = 7.483
相角
cos θ = −18/(5.477·7.483) = −0.4392
θ = arccos(−0.4392) = 116°
答案
θ = 116°
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: V = 45
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.