Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = (−2)·(−3) + (−2)·4 + 4·6 = 22
模
|a| = √((−2)² + (−2)² + 4²) = 4.899
|b| = √((−3)² + 4² + 6²) = 7.81
相角
cos θ = 22/(4.899·7.81) = 0.575
θ = arccos(0.575) = 54.9°
答案
θ = 54.9°
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: A = 21.69 m²
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.