Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = (−2)·1 + 4·(−6) + 2·(−4) = −34
模
|a| = √((−2)² + 4² + 2²) = 4.899
|b| = √(1² + (−6)² + (−4)²) = 7.28
相角
cos θ = −34/(4.899·7.28) = −0.9533
θ = arccos(−0.9533) = 162.4°
答案
θ = 162.4°
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: (a × b)z = 9
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.