Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积等于零
a·b = (−2)·1 + (−2)·k + 1·(−5) = 0
−7 + (−2)·k = 0
解出 k
k = −(−7)/(−2) = −3.5
答案
k = −3.5
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: Mx = −120 N·m
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.
从 O 到 A 的位置向量
r = A − O = (−1, −3, −2) − (0, 1, 2) = (−1, −4, −4) m