一块 100 mm × 300 mm 的板有一个宽 30 mm、高 20 mm 的矩形切口,位于竖直中心线上,切口中心在底边之上 210 mm 处。求关于通过形心的水平轴的截面二次矩 Ix。
b = 100 mmh = 300 mm切口: 30 × 20 mm孔心: y = 210 mm
Ix = × 10⁶ mm⁴
3溶液
1.向量:点积和叉积
答案: compb a = −0.4472
Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = (−1)·0 + (−2)·(−2) + 5·(−1) = −1
b 的长度
|b| = √(0² + (−2)² + (−1)²) = 2.236
标量投影
compb a = a·b/|b| = −1/2.236 = −0.4472
答案
compb a = −0.4472
为负:a 有一个与 b 方向相反的分量。
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: V = 84
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.