阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A notice in the staff room reads: “The parking lot will be repaved on Tuesday. Staff should park in the overflow lot on Elm Street. Shuttle buses will run every 10 minutes from 6 a.m.” What is the main purpose of the notice?
A report states: “Since the hospital began offering flu vaccines to all staff, staff sick days in winter have fallen by a third. Other hospitals in the region did not see this drop.” Why is the second sentence important?
一份潘趣酒配方可做 3 加仑。那是多少杯 x?
一个食谱做 6 批松饼要用 4.5 杯面粉。按同样的比例,做 4 批需要多少杯面粉 x?
成人的脊髓通常终止于哪里?
惯用右手的人发生左侧大脑中动脉卒中,最可能出现:
心输出量等于心率乘以:
为什么左心室衰竭会引起肺水肿?
What happens in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
HIV infects and destroys helper T cells. Why do people with untreated advanced HIV get infections that healthy people rarely get?
What is carbon-14 dating used for?
配制 500 mL 0.2 M 的溶液需要多少克 NaOH(摩尔质量 40 g/mol)?
Choose the correct word: “___ been a long day for the staff.”
Choose the correct verb: “If it rains tomorrow, we ___ the picnic.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse instilled two drops into each eye.”
Which word means “a surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluid”?
答案: C · To tell staff where to park during the repaving
The notice informs staff about the temporary parking arrangement while the lot is repaved.
答案: C · It makes a general winter change an unlikely cause.
If sick days had fallen everywhere, a mild winter might explain it. Because other hospitals did not see the drop, the vaccine is a more likely cause.
答案: x = 48 杯
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: x = 3 杯
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: D · 大约在 L1–L2 椎骨水平
成人脊髓在 L1–L2 附近以脊髓圆锥终止。其下是马尾,所以腰椎穿刺在 L3–L4 或 L4–L5 进行。
答案: B · 右侧无力和失语
左侧大脑中动脉供应左侧运动皮层(右侧面部和手臂)以及布洛卡区和韦尼克区,因此典型表现是右侧偏瘫伴失语。
答案: D · 每搏输出量
CO = HR × SV。静息时约 70 次/分 × 70 mL ≈ 5 L/分。
答案: B · 左心房压升高使肺毛细血管静水压升高
衰竭的左心室使压力向后传到左心房和肺静脉。毛细血管静水压升高,把液体推入肺间质和肺泡。
答案: A · CO₂ is built into sugar using ATP and NADPH
The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide into sugar. It does not use light directly, but it depends on the products of the light reactions.
答案: B · Their immune response is too weak to control normally harmless microbes
Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells. When they are lost, the immune system cannot control microbes that it would normally keep in check, leading to opportunistic infections.
答案: B · Estimating the age of material that was once alive
Living organisms take in carbon-14 while alive. After death it decays with a half-life of about 5700 years, so the remaining carbon-14 shows roughly how long ago the organism died. It is not useful for very old rocks.
答案: B · 4 g
n = 0.2 mol/L × 0.5 L = 0.1 mol;质量 = 0.1 × 40 = 4 g。如果用 500 而不是 0.5 L,答案会大 1000 倍。
答案: C · It’s
“It’s” can mean “it is” or “it has”. Here “It has been a long day” makes sense, so the contraction is needed.
答案: D · will postpone
For a likely future condition, use the present tense in the if-clause and “will” + base verb in the main clause. “Would” is used for unreal or unlikely conditions.
答案: B · Put in drop by drop
To instil (US: instill) is to put a liquid in gradually, one drop at a time.
答案: B · Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis (in the UK also called thoracocentesis or pleural aspiration) removes fluid from the pleural space; a thoracotomy is an incision into the chest.
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