阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Many people believe that cracking your knuckles causes arthritis. However, several studies have compared people who crack their knuckles with people who do not and found no difference in arthritis rates. What is the author’s main purpose?
“Critics called the plan reckless, but the mayor pointed to three nearby cities where the same plan had cut traffic by a fifth.” How does the mayor support the plan?
一双鞋标价 $53.50。现在打 15% 的折扣,并在折后价上加 7% 的销售税。最终价格 P 是多少?四舍五入到分。
一个食谱需要 1 2/3 杯面粉。你要做这个食谱的 1 1/2 倍。需要多少?点击最简形式的答案。
左心房和左心室之间是哪个瓣膜?
肺尖部肿瘤导致同侧面部上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗。哪条通路受到了破坏?
胃中哪种细胞分泌盐酸?
一名小细胞肺癌患者血钠低、血浆渗透压低,但尿液却不恰当地浓缩。最可能的解释是什么?
Why do the palisade cells near the top surface of a leaf contain many chloroplasts?
In an onion root tip, 90 of 100 cells are in interphase and 10 are in mitosis. If the whole cell cycle takes 20 hours, about how long does mitosis last?
为什么稀有气体很少发生反应?
Vitamin C is water-soluble and vitamin D is fat-soluble. What does this suggest about their molecules?
Which sentence avoids an unnecessary comma?
Choose the correct pronoun: “The instructor gave ___ nurses extra practice.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Follow the correct sequence when putting on protective equipment.”
What does the term bronchiectasis mean?
答案: B · To correct a common belief using evidence
The author presents a popular belief and then uses study results to show it is not supported.
答案: B · By giving examples of where the plan has worked
The mayor uses evidence from other cities where the plan reduced traffic.
答案: P = 48.66 $
折扣与销售税:d% 的折扣后剩下价格的 (100 − d)%;t% 的税是在折后价上再加 t%。按这个顺序计算:价格 × (1 − d/100),然后 × (1 + t/100)。金额只在最后四舍五入到分。
答案: 2 1/2
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
答案: D · 二尖瓣
二尖瓣分隔左心房和左心室;右侧由三尖瓣起同样作用。
答案: D · 颈交感干
这是霍纳综合征:交感纤维中断引起上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗,本例是肺尖部(Pancoast)肿瘤压迫交感干所致。
答案: A · 壁细胞
壁细胞分泌 HCl 和内因子。主细胞分泌胃蛋白酶原,G 细胞分泌胃泌素。
答案: B · 抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征
在 SIADH 中,过多的 ADH 使肾脏保留水分,稀释血浆,而尿液保持浓缩。小细胞肺癌可以分泌 ADH。
答案: B · They get the most light and do most of the photosynthesis
Palisade cells lie just below the upper surface, where light is strongest. Packing them with chloroplasts lets the leaf capture as much light as possible for photosynthesis.
答案: A · 2 hours
10% of the cells are in mitosis, so mitosis takes about 10% of the cycle: 0.10 × 20 h = 2 hours. Interphase takes about 18 hours.
答案: D · 它们的外层电子层已经是满的
稀有气体的价电子层已经是满的(八隅体,氦为 2 个),所以几乎没有得到、失去或共用电子的倾向。
答案: D · Vitamin C is polar, while vitamin D is mostly nonpolar
Water dissolves polar molecules; fats dissolve nonpolar ones. Vitamin C has many polar O–H groups, while vitamin D is mostly hydrocarbon. This is why fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) can be stored in body fat.
答案: D · The patient in room 4 needs a new IV bag.
“The patient in room 4” is the full subject, and nothing should separate it from the verb “needs”.
答案: D · us
“The instructor gave us extra practice” is correct, so “us nurses” is correct. The pronoun is an indirect object and needs the object form.
答案: A · Order
A sequence is the order in which things happen or are done.
答案: C · Permanent widening of the airways
Bronchiectasis is permanent, abnormal widening of the bronchi, which causes mucus to build up.
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