阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Mount Everest grows about 4 millimetres taller every year. This happens because the Indian plate is slowly pushing against the Eurasian plate, forcing the land upward. What causes Mount Everest to grow?
The author writes: “Either we close the old swimming pool, or the town will go bankrupt.” What is the flaw in this statement?
计算 2 2/3 × 1/3。点击最简形式的答案。
解出 x:4(x − 4) = 7x − 31。
膀胱内衬哪种上皮?
胎儿的动脉导管连接肺动脉干与主动脉。出生后它变成什么?
醛固酮对肾脏的主要作用是什么?
肺功能检查显示 FEV1 和 FVC 都降低,而 FEV1/FVC 比值正常或升高。这是什么模式?
为什么革兰氏阳性菌在革兰氏染色中染成紫色?
Paper discs with antibiotics X, Y and Z are placed on a plate covered with bacteria. The clear zones around them are 2 mm, 15 mm and 0 mm wide. What is the best conclusion?
When mercury(II) oxide is heated, it reacts as 2HgO → 2Hg + O₂. What type of reaction is this?
In the reaction NaCl(aq) + AgNO₃(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq), which ions are spectator ions?
Choose the correct word: “Please ___ down on the bed for a few minutes.”
Which sentence contains a split infinitive?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient complained of tinnitus.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The drain was collecting sanguineous fluid.”
答案: D · The movement of two plates pushing together
The passage says one tectonic plate pushes against another, forcing the land upward.
答案: D · It presents only two options when others exist.
The statement is a false choice. The town might raise fees, find a sponsor or cut other costs, so closing the pool is not the only alternative to bankruptcy.
答案: 8/9
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
答案: x = 5
解方程:对等式两边做同样的操作,直到 x 单独在一边。按相反的顺序撤销运算:先撤销加法或减法,再撤销乘法或除法。用分配律 a(x + b) = ax + ab 去掉括号,并把含 x 的项合并到一边。把答案代回去检验。
答案: B · 变移上皮(尿路上皮)
膀胱扩张时,变移上皮的细胞可由圆形变为扁平,同时保持不透水。
答案: A · 动脉韧带
动脉导管在出生后闭合,成为动脉韧带。卵圆孔变成卵圆窝,静脉导管变成静脉韧带。
答案: B · 在远端肾单位促进钠重吸收和钾分泌
醛固酮作用于远端小管和集合管,增加 Na⁺ 重吸收和 K⁺ 分泌。水随钠一起被重吸收,使血容量增加。
答案: C · 限制性模式,如肺纤维化
在限制性疾病中,肺变小或变硬,因此 FEV1 和 FVC 都下降,但比值得以保持。阻塞时 FEV1 的下降多于 FVC。
答案: B · 它们厚厚的肽聚糖壁留住了紫色染料
厚厚的肽聚糖层能留住结晶紫。革兰氏阴性菌的壁薄且有外膜,会失去紫色染料而被染成粉红色。
答案: D · Y is most effective, and the bacteria are resistant to Z
The wider the zone of inhibition, the more effectively the antibiotic stopped growth. Y had the widest zone, and Z had none, which suggests resistance. Such tests guide the choice of antibiotic.
答案: A · Decomposition
A single compound, mercury(II) oxide, breaks down into two simpler substances, mercury and oxygen. One reactant giving several products is a decomposition reaction.
答案: C · Na⁺ and NO₃⁻
Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ combine to form the solid precipitate AgCl. Na⁺ and NO₃⁻ stay dissolved before and after, so they are spectators. The net ionic equation is Ag⁺ + Cl⁻ → AgCl.
答案: A · lie
“Lie” means to recline and takes no object. “Lay” means to put something down: “Lay the book on the table.”
答案: B · She decided to carefully check the dose.
In A, the adverb “carefully” comes between “to” and “check”, splitting the infinitive. Most modern style guides accept split infinitives, but test writers still expect you to recognise one.
答案: B · Ringing in the ears
Tinnitus is a ringing, buzzing or hissing sound in the ears with no outside source.
答案: C · Bright red and bloody
Sanguineous drainage consists mainly of blood.
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