阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
At the start of the shift, the nurse counted the patient’s tablets: 30. At the end of the shift, there were 27. The patient takes one tablet three times a day, and all doses were given on time during the shift. What can you conclude?
“Sugar-free drinks are often advertised as healthy. However, being free of sugar does not mean a drink has any nutrients, and some contain acids that can harm tooth enamel.” What is the author’s main point?
1.5 天有多少分钟 x?
一盒 153 只手套按 3 : 4 : 2 的比例分给三个病房。第一个病房分到多少只手套 x?
肩袖由冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌和哪块肌肉组成?
垂体肿瘤向上生长,导致双眼外侧(颞侧)半视野缺失。视觉通路在哪里受压?
维生素 D 活化的最后一步(1α-羟化)在哪里进行?
在长期主动脉瓣狭窄中,左心室如何适应?
What happens to an enzyme after it has catalysed a reaction?
Cyanide stops mitochondria from making ATP. Which process in the affected cells would stop first?
How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of water by 10 °C (specific heat of water = 4.18 J/g·°C)?
What is the net ionic equation for the neutralisation of any strong acid by any strong base?
Choose the correct word: “The patient recovered ___ after surgery.”
What is the function of the underlined phrase? “Exhausted after the long shift, the nurse fell asleep.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The doctor ordered an analgesic after surgery.”
What does the term bronchiectasis mean?
答案: C · The count matches three doses given during the shift.
30 − 27 = 3 tablets, which matches three doses given during the shift, so the count is correct.
答案: C · Sugar-free does not automatically mean healthy.
The author questions the idea that sugar-free means healthy, noting a lack of nutrients and possible harm to enamel. The author does not call them dangerous or praise sugary drinks.
答案: x = 2160 min
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: x = 51
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: A · 肩胛下肌
SITS:冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌(teres minor)和肩胛下肌。大圆肌位置很近,但不属于肩袖。
答案: A · 视交叉
双颞侧偏盲是由于视交叉处交叉的鼻侧纤维受压所致,视交叉正好位于垂体上方。
答案: D · 肾脏
维生素 D 在皮肤中合成或从食物中摄入,在肝脏中羟化,然后在肾脏中活化为骨化三醇。因此肾衰竭会导致维生素 D 缺乏。
答案: B · 向心性肥厚,室壁增厚
压力负荷过重使心室壁增厚(向心性肥厚),以维持正常的室壁应力。而容量负荷过重(如反流)则引起扩张。
答案: B · It is released unchanged and can be used again
Enzymes are catalysts. The product leaves the active site, and the enzyme is free to bind another substrate molecule, so a small amount of enzyme can act on many molecules.
答案: A · Pumping of Na⁺ and K⁺ by the sodium-potassium pump
Only active transport uses ATP, so the sodium-potassium pump fails when ATP runs out. Diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion are passive and are driven by concentration gradients.
答案: B · 4180 J
q = 100 g × 4.18 J/g·°C × 10 °C = 4180 J (about 4.2 kJ).
答案: C · H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O
Strong acids and bases are fully ionised, so their other ions (such as Na⁺ and Cl⁻) are spectators. The only actual change is H⁺ combining with OH⁻ to form water.
答案: D · quickly
“Recovered” is an action verb, so it is modified by the adverb “quickly”.
答案: A · A participial phrase describing “the nurse”
“Exhausted after the long shift” is a participial phrase that acts as an adjective and modifies “the nurse”, which comes right after the comma.
答案: D · A pain reliever
An analgesic is a medication that relieves pain.
答案: B · Permanent widening of the airways
Bronchiectasis is permanent, abnormal widening of the bronchi, which causes mucus to build up.
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