阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Washing hands with soap for at least 20 seconds removes many germs. Soap breaks up the oily layer that holds germs on the skin, and rinsing washes them away. What is the author’s main purpose?
“When the excellent results came in, the team leader did not celebrate. Instead, she gathered everyone and asked, ‘What could we have done better?’” What does this suggest about the team leader?
两名志愿者按 7 : 8 的比例分 $300。份额较大的人得到多少 x 美元?
你前 4 次考试的分数是 72, 92, 71, 85。下一次考试要得多少分 x,才能使全部 5 次考试的平均分恰好为 82?
左心房和左心室之间是哪个瓣膜?
心电图在 II、III 和 aVF 导联显示梗死(下壁)。最常阻塞的是哪条冠状动脉?
Frank–Starling 机制描述的是:
在长期主动脉瓣狭窄中,左心室如何适应?
The genetic code is described as nearly universal. What does this mean?
Starch and cellulose are both made of glucose. Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?
How should the volume of water in a graduated cylinder be read?
How many grams of NaCl are in 250 mL of 0.9% (w/v) normal saline?
Which spelling is correct for the word that means “a disagreement”?
Choose the correct pronoun: “Two students, Lena and ___, won the award.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse will help the patient ambulate in the hallway.”
What does the term tachycardia mean?
答案: B · To explain how handwashing with soap removes germs
The passage gives facts about how soap works, so its purpose is to inform. It names no brand and tells no story.
答案: C · She focuses on improvement even after success.
Rather than celebrating, she asks how to improve, showing a focus on continuous improvement. Nothing suggests she wants to punish anyone.
答案: x = 160 $
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: x = 90
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: D · 二尖瓣
二尖瓣分隔左心房和左心室;右侧由三尖瓣起同样作用。
答案: D · 右冠状动脉
下壁通常由右冠状动脉经后降支供血(右优势型循环),因此下壁梗死大多是右冠状动脉闭塞所致。
答案: D · 心室充盈增加时,每搏输出量增加
舒张末期容积越大,心肌被拉伸得越多,收缩力和每搏输出量就越大,从而使输出与静脉回流相匹配。
答案: D · 向心性肥厚,室壁增厚
压力负荷过重使心室壁增厚(向心性肥厚),以维持正常的室壁应力。而容量负荷过重(如反流)则引起扩张。
答案: D · The same codons mean the same amino acids in nearly all organisms
A codon such as AUG means the same thing in bacteria, plants and humans. This shared code is evidence of common ancestry and allows bacteria to make human proteins such as insulin.
答案: D · Humans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
The glucose units in cellulose are joined by a different type of bond than in starch. Humans make amylase for starch but no enzyme for cellulose. Cows rely on gut microbes that make cellulase.
答案: A · At eye level, from the bottom of the curved surface (meniscus)
Water forms a concave meniscus. The reading is taken at the bottom of the curve with the eye level with the surface, which avoids parallax error.
答案: D · 2.25 g
0.9 g per 100 mL × 250 mL = 0.9 × 2.5 = 2.25 g. A full 1 L bag would contain 9 g.
答案: B · argument
“Argument” is an exception to the rule of keeping the silent e before a consonant suffix: argue → argument.
答案: B · I
A pronoun in an appositive takes the same case as the word it renames. “Two students” is the subject, so the subject form “I” is used: “Lena and I won the award.”
答案: C · Walk
To ambulate is to walk or move about.
答案: D · A fast heart rate
Tachy- (fast) + cardi/o (heart): a heart rate above the normal range. A slow rate is bradycardia.
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