阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“The library will close early on Friday for staff training. Books due on Friday may be returned on Saturday without a late fee.” What can a library user conclude?
“The old bookshop had survived two wars and a fire. When a huge chain store opened across the street, people expected it to close. Instead, loyal customers organised a reading club there, and sales rose.” What is the central idea?
一家诊所三月接诊了 648 名患者,四月接诊了 1134 名。 增长的百分数是多少 p?
一个储物盒是长 40 cm、宽 9 cm、高 12 cm 的长方体。它能装多少升 V?(1 L = 1000 cm³)
人体最大的神经是哪条?
腰椎穿刺时,穿刺针进入硬膜外隙之前最后穿过的是哪条韧带?
动脉血 pH 的正常范围是多少?
为什么吸入 100% 氧气只能很差地纠正真正的右向左分流引起的低氧血症?
Nerve cells release chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) stored in vesicles. By which process are they released?
A new infectious agent passes through filters that trap bacteria, does not grow on nutrient agar and multiplies only inside living cells. What is it most likely to be?
Radioactive iodine (iodine-131) is used to treat some thyroid conditions. Why does it reach the thyroid?
某溶液的氢离子浓度为 1 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L。它的 pH 是多少,是酸性还是碱性?
Choose the correct word: “The charge nurse ___ the meeting yesterday.”
Which revision best eliminates wordiness? “At this point in time, the patient is in a state of recovery.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Other researchers tried to replicate the study.”
Which word is the opposite of flexion?
答案: C · A book due Friday can be returned Saturday at no charge.
Because of the early closing, books due on Friday can be returned on Saturday without a fee. Nothing else about fees or weekend closing is stated.
答案: D · Community support helped the bookshop survive.
People expected the shop to close, but loyal customers formed a reading club and sales rose, showing that community support kept it going.
答案: p = 75 %
百分数表示每一百份中的份数:一个数的 p% 等于 (p/100) × 这个数。求 A 是 B 的百分之几,用 A 除以 B 再乘以 100。百分数变化是把变化量与原值比较:百分数变化 =(新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100。
答案: V = 4.32 L
周长、面积和体积:周长是围绕图形一周的长度(长方形:2l + 2w)。面积以平方单位计量:长方形 l × w,三角形 ½ × 底 × 高,圆 π·r²。圆的周长是 π·d = 2π·r。体积以立方单位计量:长方体 l × w × h,圆柱 π·r²·h。使用题目给出的 π 值。
答案: B · 坐骨神经
坐骨神经(L4–S3)经坐骨大孔出骨盆,支配腘绳肌以及膝以下的全部肌肉。小腿内侧的皮肤则由隐神经支配。
答案: A · 黄韧带
穿刺针依次穿过皮肤、棘上韧带、棘间韧带,再穿过黄韧带进入硬膜外隙,然后穿过硬脊膜和蛛网膜进入蛛网膜下腔。
答案: B · 7.35 到 7.45
动脉血 pH 正常为 7.35–7.45。低于 7.35 为酸血症,高于 7.45 为碱血症。
答案: A · 分流的血液从未接触肺泡气
分流的血液绕过有通气的肺泡,把脱氧血混入动脉血中。与 V/Q 失调或通气不足不同,额外吸入的氧气无法到达这部分血液。
答案: D · Exocytosis
In exocytosis, vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell. Endocytosis and phagocytosis take material in, and osmosis is the movement of water.
答案: A · A virus
Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, so they pass through bacterial filters. They cannot grow on non-living media because they need a host cell's machinery to reproduce.
答案: A · The thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
The thyroid absorbs iodine to make thyroid hormones and cannot tell radioactive iodine from normal iodine. So iodine-131 collects in the gland, where its radiation can destroy overactive thyroid tissue.
答案: A · pH 9,碱性
pH = −log(10⁻⁹) = 9。pH 高于 7 为碱性。定义中的负号使 pH 为正值。
答案: C · led
The past tense of “lead” (to guide) is “led”. “Lead” spelled this way is the present tense or the name of a metal.
答案: A · The patient is now recovering.
“At this point in time” means “now”, and “is in a state of recovery” means “is recovering”. A says the same thing in five words.
答案: C · Repeat
To replicate a study is to repeat it to see whether the same results are found.
答案: B · Extension
Flexion decreases the angle at a joint, while extension increases it, straightening the limb.
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