阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
To make a cup of tea, first boil the water. Next, put a tea bag in the cup and pour the hot water over it. Let it steep for three to five minutes, then remove the bag and add milk if you like. Which step comes immediately before removing the tea bag?
The author writes: “Some say that online learning is less effective than learning in a classroom. That may be true for some subjects, but for many students who work or live far away, online courses are the only practical way to study.” What is the author’s position?
解出 x:3 − 2x = −1。
用运算顺序求 x 的值:x = (7 × 7 − 7) ÷ 3 − (−2)³。
心脏壁的哪一层含有心肌?
一名足球运动员支撑腿的膝关节外侧受到撞击。哪种损伤组合被经典地称为“膝关节三联征”(unhappy triad)?
肺表面活性物质的主要功能是什么?
髓袢升支粗段中哪种转运体对建立髓质浓度梯度起关键作用?
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
A large molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Its monomers each have a sugar and a base. What type of molecule is it?
Nitrogen is in group 15 of the periodic table. How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom have?
In the reaction NaCl(aq) + AgNO₃(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq), which ions are spectator ions?
Choose the correct verb: “The scissors ___ on the tray.”
Choose the correct verb for formal writing: “He talks as if he ___ the boss.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s breathing was laboured.”
What does the term hyperlipidaemia mean?
答案: C · Letting the tea steep for three to five minutes
The tea steeps for three to five minutes, and then the bag is removed. Milk is added after that.
答案: C · Online learning has limits but is valuable for many students.
The author grants a possible weakness but argues that online courses are essential for many students. This is a balanced, qualified position.
答案: x = 2
解方程:对等式两边做同样的操作,直到 x 单独在一边。按相反的顺序撤销运算:先撤销加法或减法,再撤销乘法或除法。用分配律 a(x + b) = ax + ab 去掉括号,并把含 x 的项合并到一边。把答案代回去检验。
答案: x = 22
运算顺序(PEMDAS/BODMAS):先算括号里面的,然后算指数(乘方),再从左到右算乘法和除法,最后从左到右算加法和减法。乘法并不先于除法,加法也并不先于减法:每一对都按出现的先后顺序计算。括号里的负数平方时保留符号:(−3)² = 9,而 −3² = −9。
(−2)³ = −8,减去 −8 就是加上 8。
答案: C · 心肌层
心肌层是厚厚的中间肌层。心内膜衬于心腔内面,心外膜覆盖外表面。
答案: D · 前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
外翻力加旋转会撕裂内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带以及与内侧副韧带紧密相连的内侧半月板。
答案: B · 降低肺泡的表面张力
表面活性物质由 II 型肺泡细胞产生,能降低表面张力,使肺泡不致塌陷,肺也更容易扩张。
答案: C · Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ 同向转运体(NKCC2)
NKCC2 把 Na⁺、K⁺ 和 Cl⁻ 从小管转运到间质中而不带走水,从而建立髓质梯度。呋塞米等袢利尿剂阻断它。
答案: C · Photosynthesis
Plants, algae and some bacteria take in CO₂ during photosynthesis and build it into sugars. Respiration, combustion and decomposition all release CO₂.
答案: C · A nucleic acid
Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides, each with a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base. Proteins are made of amino acids and usually lack phosphorus in their backbone.
答案: C · 5
Group 15 elements have 5 valence electrons (nitrogen: 2, 5). Nitrogen usually gains or shares 3 electrons to complete its outer shell.
答案: D · Na⁺ and NO₃⁻
Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ combine to form the solid precipitate AgCl. Na⁺ and NO₃⁻ stay dissolved before and after, so they are spectators. The net ionic equation is Ag⁺ + Cl⁻ → AgCl.
答案: D · are
Nouns such as scissors, jeans and glasses (for eyes) are plural in form and take a plural verb.
答案: C · were
After “as if” or “as though” for an unreal situation, formal English uses the subjunctive “were” for all subjects.
答案: B · Requiring great effort
Laboured (US: labored) breathing is breathing that takes noticeable effort.
答案: B · High levels of fat in the blood
Hyperlipidaemia (US: hyperlipidemia) is a raised level of lipids, such as cholesterol, in the blood.
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