阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Pressure ulcers, also called bedsores, can form when a person lies in one position for too long. Nurses help prevent them by changing the patient’s position regularly.” Why do nurses change patients’ positions?
The passage states: “Exercise strengthens the heart. A stronger heart pumps more blood with each beat, so the resting heart rate often falls in people who train regularly.” Which conclusion follows from the passage?
一个食谱做 2 批松饼要用 3 杯面粉。按同样的比例,做 4 批需要多少杯面粉 x?
在地图上,1 cm 代表 25 km。两个城镇在地图上相距 3.4 cm。实际距离 x 是多少千米?
脑干的哪一部分含有主要的心血管中枢和呼吸中枢?
卒中后,患者说话流利,但用词毫无意义,且不能理解别人说话。病变最可能在哪里?
为什么有髓鞘的轴突传导动作电位比无髓鞘的快?
一名小细胞肺癌患者血钠低、血浆渗透压低,但尿液却不恰当地浓缩。最可能的解释是什么?
下列哪项描述的是主动运输?
胰腺细胞合成并分泌大量消化酶。哪些细胞器会特别发达?
When diluting a concentrated acid, which method is safe?
Carbon-12 and carbon-14 react in exactly the same way in chemical reactions. Why?
Choose the correct word: “Please ___ the box on the table.”
What is the function of the underlined phrase? “The nurse with the blue badge is my cousin.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient felt ambivalent about having surgery.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “After the stroke, the patient’s speech was ___, with words running into each other.”
答案: A · To help prevent pressure ulcers
Pressure ulcers form when a person stays in one position too long, so changing position regularly helps prevent them.
答案: A · A well-trained person may have a lower resting heart rate.
If each beat pumps more blood, fewer beats are needed at rest, so trained people often have a lower resting rate.
答案: x = 6 杯
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: x = 85 km
速率与比例尺:速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间,时间要用答案所需的单位(2 h 15 min = 2.25 h,因为 15 min = 15/60 h)。地图比例尺是一个比例:地图上的 1 cm 代表地面上的固定距离,所以把地图距离乘以它。
答案: C · 延髓
延髓含有调节心率、血压和呼吸节律的生命中枢。
答案: A · 优势半球颞上回后部
这是韦尼克失语(感受性失语),由颞上回后部的韦尼克区受损引起。额下回的布洛卡区受损则引起非流利性失语。
答案: C · 冲动在郎飞结之间跳跃
髓鞘使轴突绝缘,因此动作电位只在郎飞结处产生。这种跳跃式传导要快得多。
答案: A · 抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征
在 SIADH 中,过多的 ADH 使肾脏保留水分,稀释血浆,而尿液保持浓缩。小细胞肺癌可以分泌 ADH。
答案: B · 它消耗能量,使物质逆浓度梯度移动
主动运输利用 ATP 和载体蛋白(泵)把物质从低浓度处运到高浓度处。扩散和渗透是被动的。
答案: B · 粗面内质网和高尔基体
用于分泌的蛋白质在粗面内质网上合成,然后由高尔基体包装进囊泡,再由囊泡释放到细胞外。
答案: D · Add the acid slowly to the water
Diluting strong acids releases a lot of heat. Adding acid slowly to a larger amount of water lets the water absorb the heat; adding water to acid can boil locally and spatter acid.
答案: A · They have the same number of protons and electrons
Isotopes of one element have the same number of protons and therefore the same electron arrangement, which controls chemistry. They differ only in neutrons, which affects mass and nuclear stability.
答案: B · set
“Set” means to put something down and takes an object (the box). “Sit” means to be seated and does not take an object.
答案: B · It is an adjective phrase describing “nurse”.
The prepositional phrase tells which nurse, so it works as an adjective modifying “nurse”. The subject is “nurse”.
答案: A · Having mixed feelings
Ambivalent means having mixed or opposing feelings about something.
答案: C · slurred
Slurred speech is indistinct speech in which sounds run together, often caused by weak muscles after a stroke.
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