阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Tara volunteered to stay late, helped a new colleague with her first report and never complained about the extra work.” Which word best describes Tara?
“The bakery’s sales rose by 30% after it began selling coffee. The owner wonders whether to start selling sandwiches as well.” What can be reasonably inferred?
计算 3 1/2 × 1 1/3。点击最简形式的答案。
一位家庭护理护士在 2 h 48 min 内开了 182 英里。平均速度 v 是多少英里/小时?
在手腕处摸脉搏最常用哪条动脉?
门静脉高压时,食管静脉曲张形成于哪个门-体静脉吻合处?
动脉血 pH 的正常范围是多少?
在原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退(艾迪生病)中,预期出现哪种组合?
Why can small nonpolar molecules cross the cell membrane easily while ions cannot?
胃蛋白酶在 pH 约为 2 的胃中起作用。它在 pH 约为 8 的小肠中活性会怎样?
Why does keeping food in a refrigerator slow down spoilage?
An element has the electron arrangement 2, 8, 8, 2. Where is it on the periodic table?
Choose the correct word: “The patient’s temperature ___ overnight.”
Choose the correct verb: “Ten dollars ___ too much for a cup of coffee.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse anticipated the patient’s need for pain relief.”
When describing an IV solution, which word is the opposite of hypertonic?
答案: D · Helpful
Staying late, helping a colleague and not complaining all show that Tara is helpful.
答案: C · Adding coffee seems to have helped sales.
Sales rose after coffee was added, suggesting it helped. The passage gives no basis for predicting the effect of sandwiches.
答案: 4 2/3
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
答案: v = 65 mph
速率与比例尺:速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间,时间要用答案所需的单位(2 h 15 min = 2.25 h,因为 15 min = 15/60 h)。地图比例尺是一个比例:地图上的 1 cm 代表地面上的固定距离,所以把地图距离乘以它。
答案: A · 桡动脉
桡动脉在手腕拇指侧、桡骨表面浅层走行,所以脉搏很容易摸到。
答案: D · 胃左静脉与奇静脉的食管属支之间
在食管下段,胃左静脉中的门静脉血与汇入奇静脉系统的食管静脉中的体循环血相汇。门静脉压力升高使这些静脉扩张。
答案: B · 7.35 到 7.45
动脉血 pH 正常为 7.35–7.45。低于 7.35 为酸血症,高于 7.45 为碱血症。
答案: B · 低钠、高钾和高 ACTH
醛固酮缺乏导致钠丢失和钾潴留。皮质醇低使负反馈消失,因此 ACTH 升高,并可能引起皮肤色素沉着。
答案: C · The bilayer's core is made of hydrophobic tails
The core of the membrane is formed by water-fearing (hydrophobic) fatty acid tails. Nonpolar molecules dissolve in it and pass through, but charged ions are repelled and need channel or carrier proteins.
答案: C · 会下降,因为 pH 远离其最适值
偏离最适 pH 时,酶的活性位点会改变形状,活性下降。胃蛋白酶适应的是酸性的胃,而不是碱性的肠。
答案: A · Lower temperatures slow down chemical and microbial reactions
At lower temperatures, fewer particles have enough energy to react, and microbial enzymes work slowly. Spoilage reactions therefore happen more slowly. The activation energy itself does not change.
答案: D · Group 2, period 4
Four occupied shells means period 4, and 2 outer electrons means group 2. This element has 20 electrons, so it is calcium.
答案: C · rose
“Rise” (rise, rose, risen) means to go up without an object. “Raised” needs an object, as in “The nurse raised the bed.”
答案: C · is
An amount of money, time or distance treated as a single quantity takes a singular verb: “Ten dollars is too much.”
答案: C · Expected and prepared for
To anticipate is to expect something and prepare for it in advance.
答案: D · Hypotonic
A hypertonic solution is more concentrated than body fluids and a hypotonic one is less concentrated; an isotonic solution has the same concentration.
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