阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“The temperature dropped below freezing overnight. In the morning, the puddles on the path were hard and slippery.” Why were the puddles hard?
“The writer calls the new shopping centre ‘a concrete monster that swallowed the town’s last green field’.” What is the writer’s attitude toward the shopping centre?
在医院的某个楼层,护士与护理助理的比是 3 : 5。有 21 名护士。有多少名护理助理 x?
表格显示了 2024 年和 2025 年中心 A、B 和 C 的志愿者人数。 中心 C 这两年每年的平均志愿者人数 x̄ 是多少?
哪类血管把含氧血从肺运回心脏?
膝关节的哪条韧带防止胫骨相对股骨向前滑移?
为什么未控制的糖尿病患者尿中会出现葡萄糖?
一名小细胞肺癌患者血钠低、血浆渗透压低,但尿液却不恰当地浓缩。最可能的解释是什么?
Human adult height varies across a smooth, continuous range rather than falling into a few separate groups. What is the best explanation?
A cube-shaped cell has sides of 2 µm. What is its surface area-to-volume ratio?
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is used for IV fluids. How is it described compared with blood?
氯有两种常见同位素:氯-35(约 75%)和氯-37(约 25%)。它的平均原子质量是多少?
Which sentence punctuates “however” correctly in the middle of a clause?
Which sentence uses commas correctly with a nonessential participial phrase?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient complained of tinnitus.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The bleeding was profuse.”
答案: D · The water in them had frozen into ice.
Water freezes into ice below freezing temperatures, making the puddles hard and slippery.
答案: B · Strongly negative
Calling it a monster that swallowed a green field shows strong disapproval. The language is emotional, not neutral.
答案: x = 35
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: x̄ = 102.5
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: C · 肺静脉
四条肺静脉把含氧血注入左心房。它们是“静脉运送缺氧血”这一规律的主要例外。
答案: B · 前交叉韧带
前交叉韧带限制胫骨前移;前抽屉试验或拉赫曼试验阳性提示前交叉韧带撕裂。
答案: A · 滤过负荷超过了肾小管的最大转运量
近端小管的 SGLT 载体只能重吸收有限的葡萄糖。血糖高时,滤过负荷超过这一最大值,多余的葡萄糖随尿排出。
答案: C · 抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征
在 SIADH 中,过多的 ADH 使肾脏保留水分,稀释血浆,而尿液保持浓缩。小细胞肺癌可以分泌 ADH。
答案: C · It is controlled by many genes and also affected by environment
A single gene with complete dominance gives clear categories. Height is polygenic and is also influenced by nutrition and health, which produces continuous variation.
答案: D · 3 : 1
Surface area = 6 × 2² = 24 µm² and volume = 2³ = 8 µm³, so the ratio is 24 : 8 = 3 : 1. A 1 µm cube has a ratio of 6 : 1, which shows that the ratio falls as a cell grows.
答案: C · Isotonic
0.9% NaCl has about the same solute concentration as blood plasma, so it is isotonic. Water moves equally in and out of red blood cells, which keep their normal shape.
答案: D · 约 35.5
0.75 × 35 + 0.25 × 37 = 26.25 + 9.25 = 35.5。直接取 35 和 37 的平均值(36)忽略了丰度。
答案: D · The test, however, was easier than expected.
When “however” interrupts a single clause, it is set off with a pair of commas. A semicolon is used only when “however” joins two independent clauses.
答案: C · The patient, feeling dizzy, sat down.
“Feeling dizzy” adds information about the patient and can be removed, so it is enclosed by a pair of commas.
答案: A · Ringing in the ears
Tinnitus is a ringing, buzzing or hissing sound in the ears with no outside source.
答案: D · Abundant and heavy
Profuse means plentiful or in large amounts.
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