阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Despite the heavy rain, more than 500 runners finished the charity race, raising over $20 000 for the children’s hospital.” What does “despite” show in this sentence?
A medicine label reads: “Take 2 tablets every 6 hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 tablets in 24 hours.” A patient takes 2 tablets at 6 a.m., noon and 6 p.m. How many more tablets may the patient take before 6 a.m. the next day?
计算 3 4/9 + 1/2。点击最简形式的答案。
一场医院募捐活动有 45 张抽奖券。第一天卖出其中的 4/5,第二天卖出剩余票数的 1/3。还有多少张票 x 没卖出?
肾上腺的哪一部分分泌肾上腺素?
肘部内上髁受伤后,患者小指麻木,手指外展无力。受累的是哪条神经?
醛固酮对肾脏的主要作用是什么?
一名小细胞肺癌患者血钠低、血浆渗透压低,但尿液却不恰当地浓缩。最可能的解释是什么?
When most people in a community are vaccinated, people who cannot be vaccinated are also protected. Why?
A leaf with green and white areas is kept in light and then tested with iodine. Only the green areas turn blue-black. What does this show?
Why can a very high fever disrupt the body's chemical reactions?
What is the net ionic equation for the neutralisation of any strong acid by any strong base?
Which sentence punctuates “such as” correctly?
Which choice correctly reports the speech? She said, “I am tired.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Patients with heart failure often retain fluid.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “After the loss, the patient showed marked apathy.”
答案: C · The runners finished even though the weather was bad.
“Despite” shows something happened even though there was an obstacle, here the heavy rain.
答案: B · 2
The patient has taken 6 tablets (3 doses of 2). The limit is 8 in 24 hours, so 2 more may be taken, at midnight at the earliest.
答案: 3 17/18
分数的加减:分母必须相同。求出最小公分母(LCD),把每个分数的分子分母同乘同一个数,改写成以它为分母的分数,然后只对分子做加减。分子分母同除以它们的最大公因数来约分,并把假分数写成带分数。
9 和 2 的最小公倍数是 18。
答案: x = 6
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
答案: D · 肾上腺髓质
肾上腺髓质在交感神经刺激下释放肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素。皮质的三个带产生类固醇激素。
答案: C · 尺神经
尺神经经过内上髁后方。它支配包括骨间肌在内的大部分手内在肌,以及小指的皮肤。
答案: A · 在远端肾单位促进钠重吸收和钾分泌
醛固酮作用于远端小管和集合管,增加 Na⁺ 重吸收和 K⁺ 分泌。水随钠一起被重吸收,使血容量增加。
答案: B · 抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征
在 SIADH 中,过多的 ADH 使肾脏保留水分,稀释血浆,而尿液保持浓缩。小细胞肺癌可以分泌 ADH。
答案: B · The pathogen has too few hosts to spread easily
When most people are immune, chains of transmission are broken, so the pathogen rarely reaches unprotected people such as newborns or those with weak immune systems.
答案: B · Chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis
Iodine turns blue-black in the presence of starch, a product of photosynthesis. Starch formed only in the green parts, which contain chlorophyll, so chlorophyll is required.
答案: B · High temperatures can change the shape of enzymes so they stop working
Enzymes are proteins with a specific shape. Too much heat breaks the weak bonds holding that shape, changing the active site (denaturation), so the enzyme can no longer bind its substrate.
答案: A · H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O
Strong acids and bases are fully ionised, so their other ions (such as Na⁺ and Cl⁻) are spectators. The only actual change is H⁺ combining with OH⁻ to form water.
答案: B · Bring supplies such as gauze, tape and gloves.
No colon or comma comes after “such as”; the examples follow it directly. A colon would split the phrase from the words it introduces.
答案: D · She said that she was tired.
In reported speech, “I” becomes “she” and the present tense usually shifts back to the past after “said”.
答案: C · Hold on to
To retain is to keep or hold on to something; fluid retention causes swelling and weight gain.
答案: A · Lack of interest or emotion
Apathy is a lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern.
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