阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Vaccines train the immune system to recognise a germ without causing the disease. Later, if the real germ enters the body, the immune system can respond faster. Which statement best summarises the passage?
Paula wrote: “Our hospital cafeteria now offers more fresh fruit and fewer fried foods. Since the change, sales of fruit have doubled. Clearly, every employee is now eating a healthy diet.” Why is Paula’s last statement not well supported?
解出 x:3x + 5 = 23。
涨薪 30% 之后,一名护理助理每周挣 $208。涨薪前的每周工资 x 是多少美元?
哪条动脉供应左心室前壁的大部分和室间隔的前部?
肺尖部肿瘤导致同侧面部上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗。哪条通路受到了破坏?
血浆白蛋白降低(如严重肝病时)引起水肿,主要是因为:
为什么胎儿血红蛋白对氧的亲和力高于成人血红蛋白?
Clostridium tetani grows in deep puncture wounds but is killed by oxygen. How is this bacterium described?
某 mRNA 密码子为 AUG。与之匹配的 tRNA 上的反密码子是什么?
A reaction is at equilibrium. More of one reactant is added. According to Le Chatelier's principle, what happens?
Making ammonia (N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃) is exothermic. A low temperature would give a higher yield, yet factories use a moderately high temperature. Why?
Which sentence uses the correct verb tense consistently?
Which sentence has correct parallel structure in a comparison?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Nurses must document all care given to a patient.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “After the stroke, the patient’s speech was ___, with words running into each other.”
答案: B · Vaccines prepare the immune system to fight a germ quickly.
The passage explains that vaccines teach the immune system to recognise a germ so it responds faster later.
答案: A · Higher fruit sales do not show what every employee eats.
Doubled fruit sales show a change in purchases, not that all employees now eat healthily. The conclusion overgeneralises.
答案: x = 6
解方程:对等式两边做同样的操作,直到 x 单独在一边。按相反的顺序撤销运算:先撤销加法或减法,再撤销乘法或除法。用分配律 a(x + b) = ax + ab 去掉括号,并把含 x 的项合并到一边。把答案代回去检验。
答案: x = 160 $
逆向百分数:当一个数值已经按某个百分数增加或减少后,新值是原值的百分之几,而不是反过来。打八折(减 20%)后,价格是原价的 80%,所以原价 = 新价格 ÷ 0.80。千万不要把 20% 加回新价格上。
答案: C · 左前降支
左前降支(前室间支)供应左心室前壁和室间隔前三分之二。它的阻塞会导致前壁梗死。
答案: C · 颈交感干
这是霍纳综合征:交感纤维中断引起上睑下垂、瞳孔缩小和无汗,本例是肺尖部(Pancoast)肿瘤压迫交感干所致。
答案: A · 血浆胶体渗透压下降
白蛋白产生血浆胶体渗透压的大部分,把液体吸回毛细血管。白蛋白降低时,更多液体留在组织中。
答案: B · 它与 2,3-BPG 的结合较弱
HbF 的 γ 链与 2,3-BPG 结合很差,因此解离曲线左移。这使胎儿血液能在胎盘中从母体血液中获取氧气。
答案: A · An obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in oxygen, so they thrive in deep, airless wounds. Obligate aerobes need oxygen, and facultative anaerobes can grow with or without it.
答案: D · UAC
反密码子与密码子互补:A–U,U–A,G–C,得到 UAC。RNA 含有 U,不含 T。
答案: B · The equilibrium shifts toward the products
Le Chatelier's principle: a system at equilibrium shifts to oppose a change. Adding reactant is opposed by making more product.
答案: C · At low temperatures the reaction is too slow to be useful
Lowering the temperature favours ammonia at equilibrium, but makes the reaction very slow. A compromise temperature with an iron catalyst gives an acceptable yield quickly. High pressure is also used to favour ammonia.
答案: B · She opened the window and sat down.
Actions in the same time frame keep the same tense. Both verbs in the first sentence are in the simple past.
答案: D · Reading the chart is easier than guessing the dose.
In A both sides of the comparison are gerund phrases (reading, guessing). The other choices mix gerunds, infinitives and nouns.
答案: C · Record in writing
To document is to record information in the patient record.
答案: A · slurred
Slurred speech is indistinct speech in which sounds run together, often caused by weak muscles after a stroke.
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