阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Many people believe that cracking your knuckles causes arthritis. However, several studies have compared people who crack their knuckles with people who do not and found no difference in arthritis rates. What is the author’s main purpose?
“Kim read the email twice, set her phone down and stared out of the window. Then she picked up the phone again and began to type a long reply, deleting each sentence before she finished it.” What is Kim most likely feeling?
折线图显示了从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,每 2 小时一次候诊室里的人数。 从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,数值变化了多少 Δ?减少时用负数。
在打折 50% 的促销中,一个听诊器售价 $15。原价 x 是多少美元?
哪对脑神经支配大部分面部表情肌?
刺伤切断了 T10 水平脊髓的左半侧。损伤平面以下预期会出现哪种功能丧失模式?
在骨骼肌中,收缩所需的大部分钙来自哪里?
为什么乳糖酶缺乏的人喝牛奶后会腹泻和腹胀?
在有丝分裂的哪个时期,姐妹染色单体被拉向相反的两极?
Pasteur boiled broth in swan-neck flasks. The broth stayed clear until the neck was broken off, when it soon became cloudy. What did this show?
下列哪项是 NaCl 等离子化合物的典型性质?
Hydrogen is usually placed at the top of group 1. Which statement about hydrogen is correct?
Choose the correct word: “He ran ___ than anyone else in the race.”
Choose the best transition to begin a concluding sentence: “___, regular hand washing is one of the simplest ways to prevent infection.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s breathing was laboured.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “On the mental health assessment, the patient’s affect was flat.”
答案: B · To correct a common belief using evidence
The author presents a popular belief and then uses study results to show it is not supported.
答案: B · Unsure how to respond
Rereading, pausing and repeatedly deleting her reply suggest that she does not know what to say. Nothing suggests boredom or delight.
答案: Δ = −10
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: x = 30 $
逆向百分数:当一个数值已经按某个百分数增加或减少后,新值是原值的百分之几,而不是反过来。打八折(减 20%)后,价格是原价的 80%,所以原价 = 新价格 ÷ 0.80。千万不要把 20% 加回新价格上。
答案: D · 面神经(VII)
面神经(第 VII 对脑神经)支配面部表情肌。损伤会导致面瘫,例如贝尔麻痹。
答案: C · 左侧无力和本体感觉丧失,右侧痛觉和温度觉丧失
在布朗-塞卡综合征中,皮质脊髓束和后索在同侧丧失,而脊髓丘脑束在进入处附近交叉,因此出现对侧痛觉和温度觉丧失。
答案: D · 肌质网
T 管去极化打开肌质网上的雷诺丁受体,把储存的钙释放到细胞质中。
答案: A · 未消化的乳糖把水吸入肠道,并被结肠细菌发酵
未被吸收的乳糖产生渗透作用,把水拉入肠腔。结肠细菌将其发酵,产生气体和短链脂肪酸。
答案: A · 后期
后期时,着丝粒分裂,纺锤丝把姐妹染色单体拉向相反的两端。随后是末期,形成新的核膜。
答案: D · Microbes come from the air, not from the broth itself
The curved neck let air in but trapped dust and microbes. Broth spoiled only when microbes could reach it, which disproved spontaneous generation and supported the idea that living things come from other living things.
答案: D · 熔点高;溶解后能导电
离子晶格中强大的吸引力使熔点很高。固态 NaCl 不导电,但溶解或熔融后能导电,因为离子可以移动。
答案: A · It has one valence electron like group 1 metals, but it is a nonmetal gas
Hydrogen has one electron, which explains its position in group 1, but it is a nonmetal gas (H₂) that usually forms covalent bonds, as in H₂O and CH₄. It is not an alkali metal.
答案: C · faster
Short adjectives and adverbs form the comparative with -er: faster. “More faster” doubles the comparison.
答案: B · In conclusion
“In conclusion” signals a summary of the main idea. “For instance” gives an example, “in contrast” shows difference and “meanwhile” shows time.
答案: D · Requiring great effort
Laboured (US: labored) breathing is breathing that takes noticeable effort.
答案: C · Outward expression of emotion
In mental health, affect is the observable expression of emotion; a flat affect shows very little emotional expression.
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