阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“It’s just a scratch,” said Max, though his knee was bleeding badly and he could hardly stand. What does this suggest about Max?
“At first, the villagers laughed at Ana’s plan to plant trees on the bare hillside. Ten years later, the forest she started prevented a landslide that would have buried the village.” What is the main theme?
折线图显示了从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,每 2 小时一次候诊室里的人数。 从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,数值变化了多少 Δ?减少时用负数。
一座城市的天气预报是 23 °F。这个温度 T 是多少摄氏度?
膀胱内衬哪种上皮?
L4–L5 巨大中央型椎间盘突出导致鞍区麻木、尿潴留和双下肢无力。受压的是哪个结构?
健康人呼吸的主要刺激是什么?
一名糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者呼吸深快。血气应呈现什么模式?
哪种键把氨基酸连接成蛋白质?
A mutation changes one amino acid in an enzyme. In which location is the change most likely to stop the enzyme from working?
A reaction has ΔH = −890 kJ/mol. What does the negative sign tell you?
What is (8 × 10⁶) ÷ (2 × 10⁻²)?
Choose the correct preposition: “The nurse is responsible ___ the medication cart.”
Which revision makes the list parallel? “The nurse’s duties include giving medications, to chart vitals and the education of patients.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Patients must adhere to the medication schedule.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Hand hygiene is imperative before every patient contact.”
答案: C · He is playing down how badly he is hurt.
Max calls it “just a scratch”, yet he is bleeding badly and can hardly stand, so he is making his injury seem smaller than it is.
答案: C · Patient effort can prove its worth over time.
Ana’s plan was mocked, but years later it saved the village. The theme is that long-term effort can prove valuable.
答案: Δ = 20
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: T = −5 °C
温标:°F = °C × 9/5 + 32,°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9。温度变化量的换算不需要 32,因为 32 只是平移零点:1 °C 的变化量等于 1.8 °F 的变化量。
答案: C · 变移上皮(尿路上皮)
膀胱扩张时,变移上皮的细胞可由圆形变为扁平,同时保持不透水。
答案: A · 马尾
L1–L2 以下的椎管内是马尾。这些腰骶神经根受到中央型压迫会引起马尾综合征,属于外科急症。
答案: B · 动脉 CO₂ 升高
中枢化学感受器对 CO₂(通过脑脊液 pH)作出反应。只有当 PaO₂ 降到远低于正常水平时(例如在高海拔地区),低 O₂ 才会显著增强呼吸驱动。
答案: C · pH 降低、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
酮酸消耗碳酸氢盐,引起代谢性酸中毒。Kussmaul 呼吸作为呼吸代偿降低了 PaCO₂。
答案: D · 肽键
氨基酸由脱水缩合形成的肽键连接。糖苷键连接糖,酯键存在于脂肪中。
答案: D · In the active site
The active site must fit the substrate precisely, so changing an amino acid there is most likely to stop binding or catalysis. Changes far from the active site often have little effect, although some can alter the overall shape.
答案: A · The reaction is exothermic
A negative ΔH means the system loses energy to the surroundings, so the reaction is exothermic. A positive ΔH means energy is absorbed (endothermic). This value is for burning methane.
答案: A · 4 × 10⁸
8 ÷ 2 = 4, and 10⁶ ÷ 10⁻² = 10⁶⁻⁽⁻²⁾ = 10⁸. So the answer is 4 × 10⁸. Subtracting a negative exponent adds to it.
答案: A · for
The fixed expression is “responsible for” something. “Responsible to” is used for the person you report to.
答案: D · giving medications, charting vitals and educating patients
In A all three items are gerund phrases (giving, charting, educating). The other options mix gerunds, infinitives and nouns.
答案: B · Follow closely
To adhere is to stick to, or to follow a rule or plan faithfully.
答案: B · Absolutely necessary
Imperative means extremely important or essential.
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