阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Insurance card: Member: J. Smith. Plan: Basic. Covers: doctor visits, hospital stays. Does not cover: dental, eye care.” Which service would this plan NOT pay for?
A graph shows that ice-cream sales and sunburn cases both rise in summer. A writer concludes that eating ice cream causes sunburn. What is the best explanation for the link?
一本教科书的价格从 $610 变为 $976。 增长的百分数是多少 p?
表格显示了 2024 年和 2025 年中心 A、B 和 C 的志愿者人数。 中心 A 这两年每年的平均志愿者人数 x̄ 是多少?
肘前哪条浅静脉最常用于静脉穿刺?
腰椎穿刺时,穿刺针进入硬膜外隙之前最后穿过的是哪条韧带?
为什么有髓鞘的轴突传导动作电位比无髓鞘的快?
在长期主动脉瓣狭窄中,左心室如何适应?
In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions happen?
After a meal, blood glucose rises. Which response brings it back to normal?
Which reacts more vigorously with water, potassium or sodium?
What is the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃ (N = 14, H = 1, O = 16; molar mass 80 g/mol)?
Which sentence is the clearest and most concise?
Which sentence uses a subordinating conjunction without creating a fragment?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of heart disease.”
What does the term osteoarthritis mean?
答案: B · A dental check-up
Dental and eye care are listed as not covered, so a dental check-up would not be paid for. Doctor visits and hospital stays of any length are covered.
答案: C · Hot, sunny weather increases both.
Both rise because of a shared cause, sunny weather. A link between two things does not mean that one causes the other.
答案: p = 60 %
百分数表示每一百份中的份数:一个数的 p% 等于 (p/100) × 这个数。求 A 是 B 的百分之几,用 A 除以 B 再乘以 100。百分数变化是把变化量与原值比较:百分数变化 =(新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100。
答案: x̄ = 247.5
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: C · 肘正中静脉
肘正中静脉在头静脉和贵要静脉之间斜穿肘窝。它位置表浅、管径大且较固定,因此容易穿刺。
答案: D · 黄韧带
穿刺针依次穿过皮肤、棘上韧带、棘间韧带,再穿过黄韧带进入硬膜外隙,然后穿过硬脊膜和蛛网膜进入蛛网膜下腔。
答案: C · 冲动在郎飞结之间跳跃
髓鞘使轴突绝缘,因此动作电位只在郎飞结处产生。这种跳跃式传导要快得多。
答案: D · 向心性肥厚,室壁增厚
压力负荷过重使心室壁增厚(向心性肥厚),以维持正常的室壁应力。而容量负荷过重(如反流)则引起扩张。
答案: B · In the thylakoid membranes
The light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll captures light and makes ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle, which builds sugar, happens in the surrounding stroma.
答案: B · The pancreas releases insulin, and cells take up glucose
High glucose stimulates the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin. Insulin helps cells take up glucose and the liver store it as glycogen, so blood glucose falls. Glucagon does the opposite when glucose is low.
答案: B · Potassium, because its outer electron is farther from the nucleus
Potassium is below sodium in group 1. Its outer electron is farther from the nucleus and more shielded, so it is lost more easily and potassium reacts more vigorously.
答案: D · 35%
NH₄NO₃ contains 2 N atoms: 2 × 14 = 28 g per 80 g. 28 ÷ 80 × 100 = 35%. Counting only one N gives 17.5%.
答案: D · The meeting starts at noon.
Concise writing removes extra words. “About noon exactly” is also contradictory.
答案: D · Although she was tired, she kept working.
The dependent clause is joined to the independent clause with a comma. B and C leave a fragment, and a semicolon cannot join a dependent clause to a main clause.
答案: A · Inactive, with much sitting
Sedentary means involving little physical activity.
答案: C · A condition of the bones and joints with joint inflammation
Oste/o (bone) + arthr/o (joint) + -itis (inflammation). It is a degenerative disease of the joints and the bone beneath the cartilage.
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