阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“The coach had a rule: no phones at practice. When Jamie’s phone buzzed during drills, the coach simply held out his hand.” What did the coach most likely want?
A survey on a fitness website asked visitors, “How many days a week do you exercise?” Most answered five or more. The website reported, “Most adults exercise five days a week.” Why is this conclusion questionable?
一双鞋标价 $165.25。现在打 30% 的折扣,并在折后价上加 5% 的销售税。最终价格 P 是多少?四舍五入到分。
一个食谱做 6 批松饼要用 15 杯面粉。按同样的比例,做 3 批需要多少杯面粉 x?
肩袖由冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌和哪块肌肉组成?
后纵隔内有哪个结构?
为什么心肌不能像骨骼肌那样发生强直收缩?
髓袢升支粗段中哪种转运体对建立髓质浓度梯度起关键作用?
Nearly all cells in a person's body contain the same DNA. Why do nerve cells and muscle cells look and work so differently?
HIV infects and destroys helper T cells. Why do people with untreated advanced HIV get infections that healthy people rarely get?
Which element has the most metallic character?
A student tests whether water temperature affects how fast sugar dissolves. Which set of factors should be kept the same in every trial?
Choose the correct preposition: “She is capable ___ handling emergencies.”
Choose the best transition to begin a concluding sentence: “___, regular hand washing is one of the simplest ways to prevent infection.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient reported pruritus on both arms.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “After the stroke, the patient’s speech was ___, with words running into each other.”
答案: B · Jamie to hand over the phone
Because phones are not allowed at practice, holding out his hand most likely means the coach wanted Jamie to give him the phone.
答案: A · Visitors to a fitness site are not typical adults.
People who visit a fitness website probably exercise more than average, so the sample is biased and cannot represent all adults.
答案: P = 121.5 $
折扣与销售税:d% 的折扣后剩下价格的 (100 − d)%;t% 的税是在折后价上再加 t%。按这个顺序计算:价格 × (1 − d/100),然后 × (1 + t/100)。金额只在最后四舍五入到分。
答案: x = 7.5 杯
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: A · 肩胛下肌
SITS:冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌(teres minor)和肩胛下肌。大圆肌位置很近,但不属于肩袖。
答案: C · 食管
后纵隔内有食管、降主动脉、奇静脉和胸导管。心脏和升主动脉在中纵隔;胸腺在上纵隔和前纵隔。
答案: B · 它的不应期很长,几乎与收缩持续的时间一样长
心肌动作电位的平台期使不应期很长,因此心肌在能再次兴奋之前已经舒张。这使心脏得以重新充盈。
答案: D · Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ 同向转运体(NKCC2)
NKCC2 把 Na⁺、K⁺ 和 Cl⁻ 从小管转运到间质中而不带走水,从而建立髓质梯度。呋塞米等袢利尿剂阻断它。
答案: B · Different genes are switched on in each type of cell
Each cell type expresses a different set of genes, making different proteins. Muscle cells express genes for contractile proteins, and nerve cells express genes for neurotransmitters and ion channels.
答案: B · Their immune response is too weak to control normally harmless microbes
Helper T cells activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells. When they are lost, the immune system cannot control microbes that it would normally keep in check, leading to opportunistic infections.
答案: B · Caesium (Cs)
Metallic character (how easily an atom loses electrons) is greatest at the bottom left of the table. Caesium is in group 1, period 6, so it is the most metallic of these.
答案: C · The mass of sugar, the type of sugar, the volume of water and the amount of stirring
For a fair test, every factor except the independent variable (temperature) must be controlled. Otherwise a change in dissolving time could be caused by something else, such as more stirring or finer sugar.
答案: B · of
The fixed expression is “capable of” + noun or -ing form.
答案: D · In conclusion
“In conclusion” signals a summary of the main idea. “For instance” gives an example, “in contrast” shows difference and “meanwhile” shows time.
答案: D · Itching
Pruritus is the medical term for itching of the skin.
答案: B · slurred
Slurred speech is indistinct speech in which sounds run together, often caused by weak muscles after a stroke.
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