阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Despite the heavy rain, more than 500 runners finished the charity race, raising over $20 000 for the children’s hospital.” What does “despite” show in this sentence?
“When the power went out, Grandpa calmly lit the candles, found the radio and told us stories about storms from his childhood.” Which word best describes Grandpa?
一个三角形的底为 14 ft,高为 12 ft。它的面积 A 是多少?
一个食谱做 4 批松饼要用 4 杯面粉。按同样的比例,做 9 批需要多少杯面粉 x?
心脏壁的哪一层含有心肌?
肱骨干中段骨折后,患者不能伸腕和伸指(“垂腕”)。最可能损伤的是哪条神经?
心脏的天然起搏点在哪里?
在长期主动脉瓣狭窄中,左心室如何适应?
What happens in the lytic cycle of a virus?
A large molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Its monomers each have a sugar and a base. What type of molecule is it?
A solution has a pH of 2. What is its hydrogen ion concentration?
Which compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds?
Choose the correct word: “Sacramento is the ___ of California.”
Which sentence uses “whom” correctly?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse explained the rationale for the procedure.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The nurse spoke in a ___ voice so the frightened child would feel safe.”
答案: D · The runners finished even though the weather was bad.
“Despite” shows something happened even though there was an obstacle, here the heavy rain.
答案: C · Composed
Calmly lighting candles and telling stories shows he stayed composed (calm and in control) rather than frightened.
答案: A = 84 ft²
周长、面积和体积:周长是围绕图形一周的长度(长方形:2l + 2w)。面积以平方单位计量:长方形 l × w,三角形 ½ × 底 × 高,圆 π·r²。圆的周长是 π·d = 2π·r。体积以立方单位计量:长方体 l × w × h,圆柱 π·r²·h。使用题目给出的 π 值。
答案: x = 9 杯
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: B · 心肌层
心肌层是厚厚的中间肌层。心内膜衬于心腔内面,心外膜覆盖外表面。
答案: D · 桡神经
桡神经走行于肱骨干的桡神经沟(螺旋沟)内。它支配伸腕肌和伸指肌,因此损伤会导致垂腕。
答案: A · 窦房结
窦房结以最快的频率自发去极化,决定心律。房室结在冲动传到心室前使其延迟。
答案: C · 向心性肥厚,室壁增厚
压力负荷过重使心室壁增厚(向心性肥厚),以维持正常的室壁应力。而容量负荷过重(如反流)则引起扩张。
答案: C · The virus makes many copies in the host cell, which then bursts
In the lytic cycle the virus takes over the cell, makes new virus particles and bursts (lyses) the cell to release them. In the lysogenic cycle the viral DNA hides in the host genome before becoming active later.
答案: B · A nucleic acid
Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides, each with a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base. Proteins are made of amino acids and usually lack phosphorus in their backbone.
答案: D · 1 × 10⁻² mol/L
If pH = 2, then [H⁺] = 10⁻² = 0.01 mol/L. The pH is the negative exponent of the hydrogen ion concentration.
答案: D · Sodium sulfate, Na₂SO₄
In Na₂SO₄ the Na⁺ ions are held to the sulfate ion by ionic bonds, while the S and O atoms within SO₄²⁻ are joined by covalent bonds. CH₄ and H₂O are only covalent; NaCl is only ionic.
答案: B · capital
“Capital” is the city where a government sits (and also means money or a large letter). “Capitol” is the building where lawmakers meet.
答案: B · The doctor whom we met was friendly.
In A, “whom” is the object of “met” (we met him). In B, C and D the pronoun is the subject of a verb, so “who” is needed.
答案: D · The reason behind it
A rationale is the underlying reason or justification for an action.
答案: D · soothing
Soothing means gently calming and comforting.
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