阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
The human body has about 206 bones in adulthood. Babies are born with about 270, but many of them fuse together as the child grows. Why do adults have fewer bones than babies?
The passage states: “Exercise strengthens the heart. A stronger heart pumps more blood with each beat, so the resting heart rate often falls in people who train regularly.” Which conclusion follows from the passage?
折线图显示了从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,每 2 小时一次候诊室里的人数。 从第 0 小时到第 4 小时,数值变化了多少 Δ?减少时用负数。
一个食谱做 3 批松饼要用 4.5 杯面粉。按同样的比例,做 12 批需要多少杯面粉 x?
大腿前面哪组肌肉使膝关节伸展?
腰椎穿刺时,穿刺针进入硬膜外隙之前最后穿过的是哪条韧带?
动脉血 pH 的正常范围是多少?
在高海拔地区,数天至数周内会出现哪种适应?
In disease spread, what is a vector?
双亲的血型都是 O 型。他们的子女可能是什么血型?
钠原子(11 个电子)的电子排布是什么?
A catalyst is added to an exothermic reaction. How does the energy diagram change?
Choose the correct words: “He drives ___ than his brother.”
Which revision fixes the comma splice by making one clause dependent? “The alarm sounded, the staff moved patients to safety.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s blood pressure was labile throughout the night.”
Which word means “a surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluid”?
答案: C · Some bones fuse together during growth.
The passage explains that many bones fuse together as a child grows, reducing the total.
答案: D · A well-trained person may have a lower resting heart rate.
If each beat pumps more blood, fewer beats are needed at rest, so trained people often have a lower resting rate.
答案: Δ = −5
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: x = 18 杯
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: C · 股四头肌
股四头肌(股直肌和三块股肌)通过髌韧带使膝关节伸展。腘绳肌使膝关节屈曲。
答案: A · 黄韧带
穿刺针依次穿过皮肤、棘上韧带、棘间韧带,再穿过黄韧带进入硬膜外隙,然后穿过硬脊膜和蛛网膜进入蛛网膜下腔。
答案: A · 7.35 到 7.45
动脉血 pH 正常为 7.35–7.45。低于 7.35 为酸血症,高于 7.45 为碱血症。
答案: A · 促红细胞生成素水平升高,红细胞增多
缺氧刺激 EPO 和红细胞生成,提高携氧能力。过度通气引起碱中毒,肾脏通过排泄碳酸氢盐进行代偿。
答案: D · An organism that carries a pathogen between hosts
A vector, such as a mosquito, tick or flea, carries pathogens between hosts. Controlling vectors, for example with bed nets, is a key way to prevent diseases like malaria.
答案: A · 只有 O 型
双亲都是 ii,只能传递 i,所以每个孩子都是 ii,血型为 O 型。
答案: B · 2, 8, 1
钠的电子按 2, 8, 1 填充各电子层。最外层的那一个电子很容易失去,所以钠形成 Na⁺。
答案: A · The peak is lower, but the energy of reactants and products stays the same
The catalyst lowers the activation energy (the peak), but the reactant and product energies are unchanged, so ΔH is the same. It speeds up the reaction without changing how much energy it releases.
答案: C · more carefully
“Carefully” is an adverb describing “drives”. Adverbs ending in -ly form the comparative with “more”.
答案: D · When the alarm sounded, the staff moved patients to safety.
B, C and D also fix the comma splice, but they keep both clauses independent. Only A adds the subordinating conjunction “when”, which makes the first clause dependent.
答案: A · Changing quickly and often
Labile means unstable and easily changed, for example a blood pressure that keeps going up and down.
答案: B · Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis (in the UK also called thoracocentesis or pleural aspiration) removes fluid from the pleural space; a thoracotomy is an incision into the chest.
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