阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Marco checked the weather report three times, packed an extra jacket and put an umbrella by the door the night before the school trip.” What can you infer about Marco?
“When the reporter asked the mayor about the delayed bridge project, the mayor talked at length about the new park and the town’s low crime rate.” What does the mayor’s answer suggest?
解出 x:4 − 6x = 58。
夜间温度下降了 45 °F。它下降了多少摄氏度 Δ?
受精最常发生在哪里?
肱骨干中段骨折后,患者不能伸腕和伸指(“垂腕”)。最可能损伤的是哪条神经?
哪种 ABO 血型的血浆中同时含有抗 A 和抗 B 抗体?
肾髓质中的浓度梯度主要由哪种机制产生?
在脱水缩合反应中发生什么?
A patient breathes very slowly, so carbon dioxide builds up in the blood. What happens to the blood pH, and why?
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is used for IV fluids. How is it described compared with blood?
100 mL of 1 M NaCl is mixed with 100 mL of 3 M NaCl. What is the concentration of the mixture?
Choose the correct word: “It was ___ a long shift that everyone was exhausted.”
Which sentence uses dashes correctly to set off an interruption?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Stress at work caused her insomnia.”
What does the term polycythaemia mean?
答案: C · He expects bad weather and likes to be prepared.
Checking the forecast and packing rain gear show that he expects poor weather and plans ahead. Nothing suggests he dislikes the trip.
答案: A · The mayor avoided the question.
Speaking at length about other topics instead of the bridge suggests that the mayor was avoiding the question.
答案: x = −9
解方程:对等式两边做同样的操作,直到 x 单独在一边。按相反的顺序撤销运算:先撤销加法或减法,再撤销乘法或除法。用分配律 a(x + b) = ax + ab 去掉括号,并把含 x 的项合并到一边。把答案代回去检验。
答案: Δ = 25 °C
温标:°F = °C × 9/5 + 32,°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9。温度变化量的换算不需要 32,因为 32 只是平移零点:1 °C 的变化量等于 1.8 °F 的变化量。
答案: B · 输卵管壶腹部
受精通常发生在输卵管壶腹部。胚胎随后移行到子宫着床。
答案: C · 桡神经
桡神经走行于肱骨干的桡神经沟(螺旋沟)内。它支配伸腕肌和伸指肌,因此损伤会导致垂腕。
答案: D · O 型
O 型血的人没有 A 或 B 抗原,同时产生抗 A 和抗 B 抗体。AB 型有两种抗原,但两种抗体都没有。
答案: C · 髓袢的逆流倍增机制
升支主动把 NaCl 转运到间质而不让水随之移动,逆流使这种效应倍增成陡峭的梯度,ADH 随后利用该梯度浓缩尿液。
答案: B · 两个单体连接,并释放出一个水分子
脱水缩合通过连接单体并释放水来构建聚合物。其逆过程,即用水使聚合物分裂,称为水解。
答案: D · It falls, because CO₂ forms carbonic acid in the blood
CO₂ combines with water to form carbonic acid, which releases hydrogen ions. More CO₂ therefore lowers the pH and makes the blood more acidic (respiratory acidosis).
答案: B · Isotonic
0.9% NaCl has about the same solute concentration as blood plasma, so it is isotonic. Water moves equally in and out of red blood cells, which keep their normal shape.
答案: C · 2 M
Moles = (0.1 L × 1 M) + (0.1 L × 3 M) = 0.1 + 0.3 = 0.4 mol. Total volume = 0.2 L. Concentration = 0.4 ÷ 0.2 = 2 M.
答案: C · such
“Such + a + adjective + noun + that” shows a result: such a long shift that. “So” is used directly before an adjective alone.
答案: C · The results — all three of them — were normal.
A pair of dashes sets off an interrupting phrase, just like a pair of commas but with more emphasis. The sentence still works if the phrase is removed.
答案: C · Difficulty sleeping
Insomnia is difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
答案: B · An abnormally high number of red blood cells
Polycythaemia (US: polycythemia) is an excess of red blood cells, which makes the blood thicker.
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