阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Ella stared at the empty page. The essay was due in an hour, and she had written only her name.” How does Ella most likely feel?
“Dear Editor, I have lived on Elm Street for forty years. The council’s plan to cut down the old oak trees for wider pavements would destroy the character of our street. I urge readers to attend Thursday’s meeting.” What is the writer’s main goal?
一个圆的半径为 7 cm。 取 π ≈ 3.14,求它的面积 A。
解出 x:4(x − 4) = 7x − 43。
成人的脊髓通常终止于哪里?
后纵隔内有哪个结构?
哪个激素事件触发排卵?
在长期主动脉瓣狭窄中,左心室如何适应?
把一个红细胞放入很咸的(高渗)溶液中。会发生什么?
Why does the influenza vaccine need to be updated most years?
A red blood cell is placed in pure water (a hypotonic solution). What happens?
Burning a match is strongly exothermic, so why does it not catch fire until it is struck?
Choose the correct word: “Of all the students, Kim studies the ___.”
Choose the correct verb: “Either the manager or the employees ___ responsible for locking up.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The old infection control policy is now obsolete.”
What does the term hysterectomy mean?
答案: D · Worried
An essay due in one hour with only a name written would make most people anxious or worried.
答案: B · To get readers to oppose the plan at the meeting
The writer criticises the plan and urges readers to attend the meeting, showing the goal is to rally opposition.
答案: A = 153.9 cm²
周长、面积和体积:周长是围绕图形一周的长度(长方形:2l + 2w)。面积以平方单位计量:长方形 l × w,三角形 ½ × 底 × 高,圆 π·r²。圆的周长是 π·d = 2π·r。体积以立方单位计量:长方体 l × w × h,圆柱 π·r²·h。使用题目给出的 π 值。
答案: x = 9
解方程:对等式两边做同样的操作,直到 x 单独在一边。按相反的顺序撤销运算:先撤销加法或减法,再撤销乘法或除法。用分配律 a(x + b) = ax + ab 去掉括号,并把含 x 的项合并到一边。把答案代回去检验。
答案: A · 大约在 L1–L2 椎骨水平
成人脊髓在 L1–L2 附近以脊髓圆锥终止。其下是马尾,所以腰椎穿刺在 L3–L4 或 L4–L5 进行。
答案: B · 食管
后纵隔内有食管、降主动脉、奇静脉和胸导管。心脏和升主动脉在中纵隔;胸腺在上纵隔和前纵隔。
答案: B · 黄体生成素(LH)峰
优势卵泡分泌的雌激素不断升高,触发腺垂体释放 LH 峰,约一天后引起排卵。
答案: A · 向心性肥厚,室壁增厚
压力负荷过重使心室壁增厚(向心性肥厚),以维持正常的室壁应力。而容量负荷过重(如反流)则引起扩张。
答案: D · 水离开细胞,细胞皱缩
外部溶液的溶质更多,所以水通过渗透离开细胞,细胞皱缩(呈锯齿状)。在低渗溶液中则发生相反的情况。
答案: D · The virus keeps changing its surface proteins through mutation
Influenza viruses mutate often, changing the antigens on their surface. Memory cells from earlier infections or vaccines may no longer recognise the new strain, so the vaccine is updated to match the strains expected to circulate.
答案: A · Water enters the cell, which swells and may burst
The cell contents have more solute than pure water, so water moves into the cell by osmosis. The cell swells and may burst, which is called haemolysis.
答案: C · Striking supplies the activation energy to start the reaction
The friction from striking provides the activation energy. Once started, the heat released keeps the reaction going. A large activation energy is why fuels are stable in air until ignited.
答案: C · hardest
When comparing three or more, use the superlative. For the short adverb “hard”, the superlative is “hardest”.
答案: A · are
With “either … or”, the verb agrees with the closer subject, “employees”, which is plural.
答案: B · Out of date
Obsolete means no longer used or out of date.
答案: A · Surgical removal of the uterus
A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus (hyster/o = uterus, -ectomy = removal).
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