阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Since the city added bike lanes on Main Street two years ago, the number of cyclists on that street has tripled, and accidents involving cyclists have fallen by half. Which conclusion is best supported by the passage?
A study compares two groups of patients after knee surgery. Group A did physiotherapy three times a week; Group B did it once a week. After two months, Group A could walk farther. The groups were similar in age and health at the start. Why does it matter that the groups were similar at the start?
一本教科书的价格从 $550 变为 $616。 增长的百分数是多少 p?
在一门课程中,作业占成绩的 15%,期中考试占 35%,期末考试占 50%。一名学生作业得 81%,期中得 87%,期末得 74%。这门课程的成绩 G 是多少? 保留一位小数。
哪类血管把含氧血从肺运回心脏?
刺伤切断了 T10 水平脊髓的左半侧。损伤平面以下预期会出现哪种功能丧失模式?
第一心音(S1)是由什么引起的?
测量肾小球滤过率的金标准是哪种物质的清除率?
White blood cells called macrophages engulf and digest bacteria. Which organelle would you expect them to have in large numbers?
把一个红细胞放入溶质浓度与其细胞质相同的溶液中。会发生什么?
A solution has a pH of 2. What is its hydrogen ion concentration?
What is the oxidation number of manganese in potassium permanganate, KMnO₄?
Choose the correct word: “Neither Tom ___ Lisa was late.”
Which revision corrects the misplaced modifier? “We saw a deer driving to the hospital.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The burn wound was debrided during surgery.”
What does the term myocardial mean, as in “myocardial infarction”?
答案: D · More people cycled on Main Street after the bike lanes were added.
The passage says the number of cyclists tripled after the lanes were added. It says nothing about all cities, helmets or zero cyclists before.
答案: D · It makes physiotherapy the more likely cause.
If the groups started out alike, differences in age or health are unlikely to explain the result, so the extra physiotherapy is a more likely cause.
答案: p = 12 %
百分数表示每一百份中的份数:一个数的 p% 等于 (p/100) × 这个数。求 A 是 B 的百分之几,用 A 除以 B 再乘以 100。百分数变化是把变化量与原值比较:百分数变化 =(新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100。
答案: G = 79.6 %
加权平均:当各部分所占的百分比不同时,把每个分数乘以它的权重(用小数表示)再相加。只有当每个部分的权重相同时,对分数直接取平均才是对的。
答案: B · 肺静脉
四条肺静脉把含氧血注入左心房。它们是“静脉运送缺氧血”这一规律的主要例外。
答案: D · 左侧无力和本体感觉丧失,右侧痛觉和温度觉丧失
在布朗-塞卡综合征中,皮质脊髓束和后索在同侧丧失,而脊髓丘脑束在进入处附近交叉,因此出现对侧痛觉和温度觉丧失。
答案: B · 二尖瓣和三尖瓣关闭
S1("lub")由收缩期开始时房室瓣关闭引起。S2("dub")是半月瓣关闭。
答案: D · 菊粉
菊粉能自由滤过,既不被重吸收也不被分泌,所以其清除率恰好等于 GFR。肌酐会少量分泌,因此会略微高估 GFR。
答案: C · Lysosomes
After a macrophage engulfs a bacterium, lysosomes fuse with the vesicle and their enzymes digest it. Cells that do a lot of digestion therefore have many lysosomes.
答案: B · 水没有净移动;细胞保持其形状
在等渗溶液中,水进出的速率相同,所以没有净变化。水分子仍然在穿过;只是没有净流动。
答案: D · 1 × 10⁻² mol/L
If pH = 2, then [H⁺] = 10⁻² = 0.01 mol/L. The pH is the negative exponent of the hydrogen ion concentration.
答案: C · +7
(+1) + Mn + 4(−2) = 0, so 1 + Mn − 8 = 0 and Mn = +7. Permanganate is a strong oxidising agent.
答案: A · nor
“Neither” pairs with “nor”, just as “either” pairs with “or” and “both” pairs with “and”.
答案: A · While driving to the hospital, we saw a deer.
In the original, the deer seems to be driving. A places the modifier next to “we”. C creates a dangling modifier, and D keeps the absurd meaning.
答案: C · Cleared of dead or damaged tissue
Debridement is the removal of dead, damaged or infected tissue from a wound.
答案: C · Relating to the heart muscle
Myocardial refers to the myocardium, the muscular wall of the heart.
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