阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“The new staff canteen has more seats and longer opening hours. However, the prices have gone up, and some staff now bring lunch from home.” What is the most likely reason some staff bring lunch from home?
The author writes: “Some readers may find these figures alarming. Over the past decade, the number of nurses aged over 55 has doubled, while the number entering the profession has stayed flat.” What problem is the author most likely pointing to?
用运算顺序求 x 的值:x = 30 − 4³ + 5 × 3。
3 个连续整数的和是 54。 其中最大的是多少 x?
臂丛由哪些脊神经根组成?
腰椎穿刺时,穿刺针进入硬膜外隙之前最后穿过的是哪条韧带?
典型神经元动作电位的去极化期是哪种离子进入细胞引起的?
一名惊恐发作时过度通气的患者手指麻刺。动脉血气最可能显示什么?
By which process does oxygen enter a cell and carbon dioxide leave it?
In the Hershey–Chase experiment, viruses were labelled with radioactive phosphorus in their DNA or radioactive sulfur in their protein. Only the phosphorus entered the infected bacteria. What did this show?
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 5 days. A sample starts with 80 g. How much is left after 10 days?
In the reaction 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl, which substance is the oxidising agent?
Which spelling is correct for the adverb form of “true”?
What is the function of the underlined word? “Her mother is a surgeon.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient was intubated in the emergency department.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The injury is bilateral and proximal.”
答案: C · The canteen has become more expensive.
After “However”, the passage mentions higher prices and then staff bringing lunch. More seats and longer hours are improvements.
答案: C · A possible future shortage of nurses as many retire
If many nurses are nearing retirement and the number of new nurses is not growing, a shortage may follow.
答案: x = −19
运算顺序(PEMDAS/BODMAS):先算括号里面的,然后算指数(乘方),再从左到右算乘法和除法,最后从左到右算加法和减法。乘法并不先于除法,加法也并不先于减法:每一对都按出现的先后顺序计算。括号里的负数平方时保留符号:(−3)² = 9,而 −3² = −9。
4³ 表示 4 × 4 × 4。
答案: x = 19
应用题:给未知数命名(例如 x = 月数),把已知事实写成一个方程,解出它,并检查答案在题目情境中是否合理。固定费用加上每单位的费率,得到总额 = 费用 + 费率 × 单位数。
答案: D · C5 至 T1
臂丛由 C5、C6、C7、C8 和 T1 的前支组成,发出上肢的主要神经。
答案: D · 黄韧带
穿刺针依次穿过皮肤、棘上韧带、棘间韧带,再穿过黄韧带进入硬膜外隙,然后穿过硬脊膜和蛛网膜进入蛛网膜下腔。
答案: D · 钠离子(Na⁺)
电压门控 Na⁺ 通道打开,Na⁺ 内流使膜去极化。随后 K⁺ 外流使膜复极化。
答案: C · pH 升高,PaCO₂ 降低
过度通气排出 CO₂,引起急性呼吸性碱中毒。碱中毒使钙与白蛋白的结合增加,离子钙降低,从而引起麻刺感。
答案: A · Simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer
O₂ and CO₂ are small, nonpolar molecules that pass directly through the lipid bilayer from high to low concentration. No carrier protein and no energy are needed.
答案: B · DNA, not protein, is the genetic material of the virus
Phosphorus is part of the DNA backbone, while sulfur is found in proteins but not in DNA. Since only the labelled DNA entered the cells and directed new viruses, DNA must carry the genetic instructions.
答案: D · 20 g
10 days is 2 half-lives: 80 g → 40 g → 20 g. Each half-life halves the amount that is left, so the sample does not lose a fixed mass each time.
答案: A · Cl₂
Chlorine gains electrons from sodium (Cl₂ → 2Cl⁻), so it is reduced and acts as the oxidising agent. Sodium loses electrons, is oxidised and is the reducing agent.
答案: B · truly
“Truly” drops the e of “true” before -ly. Most words keep the e (sincerely, lovely), so it is a common spelling exception.
答案: D · Predicate noun (subject complement)
After a linking verb, a noun that renames the subject is a predicate noun, also called a subject complement. Linking verbs do not take direct objects.
答案: D · Had a breathing tube placed in the trachea
To intubate is to insert a tube, usually an endotracheal tube into the trachea, to support breathing.
答案: A · On both sides, and near the trunk
Bilateral means affecting both sides of the body; proximal means closer to the trunk or point of origin.
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