阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Some birds, such as Arctic terns, migrate thousands of kilometres every year. Scientists think birds find their way using the sun, the stars and Earth’s magnetic field. Which word best describes the scientists’ explanation?
The author writes: “Some argue that we should spend money on space exploration only after solving problems on Earth. But research for space has led to inventions used in medicine and everyday life.” What is the purpose of the second sentence?
某诊所一个上午接诊的患者年龄为 35, 29, 35, 34, 7, 35。众数 M 是多少?
一个食谱做 3 批松饼要用 9 杯面粉。按同样的比例,做 9 批需要多少杯面粉 x?
哪对脑神经控制舌的运动?
一位主动脉弓巨大动脉瘤患者出现声音嘶哑。最可能受压的是哪条神经?
哪个激素事件触发排卵?
为什么酮症酸中毒通常发生在未经治疗的 1 型糖尿病中,而在 2 型中很少见?
Nearly all cells in a person's body contain the same DNA. Why do nerve cells and muscle cells look and work so differently?
Plasmids with an ampicillin-resistance gene are mixed with bacteria, which are then spread on a plate containing ampicillin. Why do only a few colonies grow?
When diluting a concentrated acid, which method is safe?
What is the formula of calcium phosphate, made from Ca²⁺ and PO₄³⁻ ions?
Which sentence punctuates the date correctly in American style?
Which revision is the most concise? “The nurse made a decision to conduct an assessment of the wound.”
What does the suffix -uria mean, as in “haematuria”?
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “Her answer was ___: it could be understood in two different ways.”
答案: A · Uncertain
“Scientists think” shows the explanation is a likely idea, not something fully proven.
答案: A · To show that space research also benefits Earth
The second sentence counters the first view by showing that space research has produced useful inventions on Earth.
答案: M = 35
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: x = 27 杯
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: C · 舌下神经(XII)
舌下神经支配舌内肌和大部分舌外肌。损伤时伸舌偏向患侧。
答案: B · 左喉返神经
左喉返神经在动脉韧带旁勾绕主动脉弓下方。它支配大部分喉肌,因此受压会导致声音嘶哑。
答案: C · 黄体生成素(LH)峰
优势卵泡分泌的雌激素不断升高,触发腺垂体释放 LH 峰,约一天后引起排卵。
答案: D · 即使很低的胰岛素水平也能抑制脂肪分解和生酮
胰岛素强烈抑制脂肪分解和肝脏生成酮体。1 型糖尿病几乎没有胰岛素,因此脂肪酸大量涌入肝脏,酮体积聚。
答案: C · Different genes are switched on in each type of cell
Each cell type expresses a different set of genes, making different proteins. Muscle cells express genes for contractile proteins, and nerve cells express genes for neurotransmitters and ion channels.
答案: D · Only the bacteria that took up the plasmid can survive
Only a small fraction of bacteria take up the plasmid. The antibiotic kills all those without it, so the colonies that grow are the transformed bacteria. This is how scientists select cells carrying a new gene.
答案: B · Add the acid slowly to the water
Diluting strong acids releases a lot of heat. Adding acid slowly to a larger amount of water lets the water absorb the heat; adding water to acid can boil locally and spatter acid.
答案: A · Ca₃(PO₄)₂
Three Ca²⁺ give 6+ and two PO₄³⁻ give 6−, so the formula is Ca₃(PO₄)₂. Brackets show that the whole phosphate group is doubled. Calcium phosphate is the main mineral in bone.
答案: B · The clinic opened on June 4, 2019, in a small town.
In American style a comma separates the day from the year, and a second comma follows the year when the sentence continues. British style usually writes 4 June 2019, with no commas.
答案: D · The nurse decided to assess the wound.
“Made a decision” becomes “decided” and “conduct an assessment of” becomes “assess”. C fixes only one phrase, B is still wordy and D adds the passive voice.
答案: D · A condition of the urine
-uria refers to urine: haematuria is blood in the urine and polyuria passing large amounts of urine.
答案: D · ambiguous
Ambiguous means open to more than one interpretation. Explicit means clearly stated.
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