阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Unlike frogs, which have smooth, moist skin, toads usually have dry, bumpy skin. Toads also tend to spend more time on land.” What is the main purpose of the passage?
The author writes: “Some readers may find these figures alarming. Over the past decade, the number of nurses aged over 55 has doubled, while the number entering the profession has stayed flat.” What problem is the author most likely pointing to?
某诊所一个上午接诊的患者年龄为 29, 7, 29, 16, 16, 12, 27, 34, 29。众数 M 是多少?
一场医院募捐活动有 24 张抽奖券。第一天卖出其中的 1/2,第二天卖出剩余票数的 1/6。还有多少张票 x 没卖出?
交感神经系统从哪些脊髓节段离开中枢神经系统?
髋关节的主要屈肌是哪块?
胰高血糖素如何升高血糖?
持续数天呕吐胃内容物后,最可能发生哪种酸碱紊乱?
Many vitamins act as coenzymes. What does this mean?
One sample of an enzyme is boiled and then cooled to 37 °C. Another is kept at 4 °C and then warmed to 37 °C. Which sample will work at 37 °C?
由 Al³⁺ 和 O²⁻ 离子构成的氧化铝,其化学式是什么?
Sulfuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide: H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O. How many moles of NaOH neutralise 0.5 mol of H₂SO₄?
Choose the correct verb: “Nobody ___ the answer yet.”
What is the mood of the verb in this sentence? “Take two tablets with water.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient reported pruritus on both arms.”
Which word is the opposite of flexion?
答案: A · To compare frogs and toads
The passage points out differences between frogs and toads in skin and habitat, so it is a comparison.
答案: D · A possible future shortage of nurses as many retire
If many nurses are nearing retirement and the number of new nurses is not growing, a shortage may follow.
答案: M = 29
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: x = 10
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
答案: D · 胸段和上腰段(T1–L2)
交感神经节前神经元位于 T1 至 L2 的侧角。副交感神经系统为颅骶部输出。
答案: C · 髂腰肌
髂腰肌(腰大肌和髂肌)是最强的屈髋肌。臀大肌负责伸髋。
答案: C · 刺激肝脏的糖原分解和糖异生
由 α 细胞分泌的胰高血糖素作用于肝脏,促进糖原分解,并由非糖物质生成新的葡萄糖。
答案: A · 代谢性碱中毒
呕吐丢失 HCl,而胃分泌胃酸时把碳酸氢盐留在了血液中。容量丢失和低钾有助于维持碱中毒。
答案: B · They help enzymes carry out their reactions
Coenzymes are small organic molecules, often made from vitamins, that bind to enzymes and help them work. This is why vitamin deficiencies can block important reactions.
答案: D · Only the sample that was kept at 4 °C
Low temperature slows an enzyme without damaging it, so activity returns when it is warmed. Boiling denatures the enzyme, and the lost shape usually does not return on cooling.
答案: A · Al₂O₃
两个 Al³⁺ 共 +6,三个 O²⁻ 共 −6,所以电中性的化学式是 Al₂O₃。
答案: A · 1 mol
The equation shows a 1:2 ratio, so 0.5 mol H₂SO₄ needs 2 × 0.5 = 1 mol NaOH. Sulfuric acid is diprotic, releasing two H⁺ per molecule.
答案: B · knows
“Nobody” is singular, like everybody, somebody and anybody, so it takes the singular verb “knows”.
答案: C · Imperative
The imperative mood gives commands or instructions. The indicative states facts, and the subjunctive expresses wishes or conditions contrary to fact.
答案: C · Itching
Pruritus is the medical term for itching of the skin.
答案: B · Extension
Flexion decreases the angle at a joint, while extension increases it, straightening the limb.
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