阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Octopuses can change the colour and texture of their skin in less than a second. They use this ability to hide from predators and to sneak up on prey. What are two reasons octopuses change colour?
“Emma had practised her speech for weeks. When she stood before the crowd, her hands trembled, but her voice came out clear and strong.” Which statement best describes Emma at that moment?
在医院的某个楼层,护士与护理助理的比是 7 : 2。有 21 名护士。有多少名护理助理 x?
夜间温度下降了 9 °F。它下降了多少摄氏度 Δ?
肾单位的哪一部分重吸收了大部分水和钠?
男性腹股沟管内通过的结构是什么?
哪种 ABO 血型的血浆中同时含有抗 A 和抗 B 抗体?
为什么左心室衰竭会引起肺水肿?
Why is water good at dissolving salts and sugars?
Plants in waterlogged soil take up fewer mineral ions, even when the ions are plentiful. What is the best explanation?
How many moles of gas are in 44.8 L at STP (0 °C and 1 atm)?
What is the net ionic equation for the neutralisation of any strong acid by any strong base?
Choose the correct form: “She ___ work nights, but now she works days.”
Which sentence shows that the writer has only one brother?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse acted as the patient’s advocate during the meeting.”
Which word means “the formation of blood cells”?
答案: D · To hide from predators and to sneak up on prey
The passage names hiding from predators and approaching prey unseen.
答案: A · Nervous inside but still able to speak well
Trembling hands show nerves, but her clear voice shows she still spoke well. Her weeks of practice rule out being unprepared.
答案: x = 6
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: Δ = 5 °C
温标:°F = °C × 9/5 + 32,°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9。温度变化量的换算不需要 32,因为 32 只是平移零点:1 °C 的变化量等于 1.8 °F 的变化量。
答案: C · 近曲小管
近曲小管重吸收约三分之二滤过的钠和水,以及几乎全部的葡萄糖和氨基酸。
答案: A · 精索
腹股沟管在男性中容纳精索,在女性中容纳子宫圆韧带。股血管则从腹股沟韧带下方经过。
答案: A · O 型
O 型血的人没有 A 或 B 抗原,同时产生抗 A 和抗 B 抗体。AB 型有两种抗原,但两种抗体都没有。
答案: A · 左心房压升高使肺毛细血管静水压升高
衰竭的左心室使压力向后传到左心房和肺静脉。毛细血管静水压升高,把液体推入肺间质和肺泡。
答案: B · Its molecules are polar
Water is polar: the oxygen side is slightly negative and the hydrogen side slightly positive. These charged ends surround ions and polar molecules and pull them into solution.
答案: C · Root cells lack oxygen, so less ATP is made for active transport
Root hair cells absorb many ions by active transport, which needs ATP from aerobic respiration. Waterlogged soil has little air, so the roots get little oxygen and make less ATP.
答案: C · 2 mol
At STP, 1 mol occupies 22.4 L, so 44.8 L ÷ 22.4 L/mol = 2 mol.
答案: B · H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O
Strong acids and bases are fully ionised, so their other ions (such as Na⁺ and Cl⁻) are spectators. The only actual change is H⁺ combining with OH⁻ to form water.
答案: B · used to
“Used to” + base verb describes a past habit or state that is no longer true. The d is often not heard in speech but must be written.
答案: A · My brother, who lives in Ohio, is a nurse.
With commas the clause is nonessential: it adds a detail about the only brother. Without commas it is essential and suggests there are other brothers who live elsewhere. C and D use only one comma, which is incorrect.
答案: C · A person who speaks up for another
An advocate supports and speaks on behalf of another person and protects their interests.
答案: A · Haematopoiesis
Haematopoiesis (US: hematopoiesis) is the production of blood cells, mainly in the red bone marrow; haemolysis is their destruction.
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