1公式与方法
阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
护理预科数学(入学考试)
- 运算顺序
- 括号 → 指数 → × ÷(从左到右)→ + −(从左到右)
- 分数
- a/b + c/d = (ad + bc)/bd, a/b × c/d = ac/bd, a/b ÷ c/d = a/b × d/c
- 百分比
- N 的 p% = (p/100)·N;百分数 = 部分/整体 × 100
- 百分比变化
- (新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100
- 先打折,再加税
- 价格 × (1 − d/100) × (1 + t/100)
- 比例
- a/b = c/d → ad = bc
- 平均数、中位数、众数、极差
- 总和/个数;排序后的中间值;出现最频繁的值;最大值 − 最小值
- 长度、容量、时间
- 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft, 1 gal = 4 qt = 16 cups, 1 h = 60 min
- 温度
- °F = °C·9/5 + 32, °C = (°F − 32)·5/9; 1 °C 的变化量 = 1.8 °F
- 面积
- 长方形 l·w, 三角形 ½·b·h, 圆 π·r²
- 周长与圆周长
- 长方形 2l + 2w, 圆 π·d = 2π·r
- 体积
- 长方体 l·w·h, 圆柱 π·r²·h; 1000 cm³ = 1 L
- 速率
- 距离 ÷ 时间(mph 或 km/h 的时间以小时计)
方法
- 先读最后一句:到底问的是什么,要什么单位或形式(最简形式、精确到分、保留一位小数)?
- 把数写成同一种形式:带分数化成假分数,百分数化成小数,小时和分钟化成同一个单位。
- 选择方法:表达式用 PEMDAS,分数加减用公分母,百分数用部分 ÷ 整体 × 100,比例用交叉相乘,方程用逆运算。
- 一次做一步,并把每一行都写下来;只在最后才取整。
- 用估算检查答案的大小,方程的答案要代回去检验。
护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
护理入学考试化学
方法
- 找出已知和所求:粒子、公式、状态变化、浓度、pH 或质量。
- 利用元素周期表:原子序数给出质子数,族给出价电子数和常见的离子电荷。
- 只用系数来配平方程式,逐个元素配平,最后配氧和氢。
- 对于量的计算,按质量 → 摩尔 → 摩尔比 → 摩尔 → 质量的路径,溶液则用 M = mol/L 和 C₁V₁ = C₂V₂。
- 记住 pH 是对数标度:一个单位相差 10 倍。
英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
方法
- 选择形式之前,先找出句子的主语和动词。
- 去掉短语(of the …, along with …)和多余的人称(you and …),再检验一致和代词的格。
- 检查每个分句:它能独立成句吗?用逗号加连词或分号连接独立分句。
- 检查修饰语和并列项:修饰短语紧挨着被修饰的词,并列项的形式要相同。
- 选词和语体方面,选择准确、正式而简洁的选项。
医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
方法
- 读完整个句子,寻找上下文线索:定义、对比、举例或因果关系。
- 把不熟悉的词拆成前缀、词根和后缀,并分别翻译每一部分。
- 从后缀往回读医学术语(hepat-itis:肝脏的炎症)。
- 把每个选项代入句子,检查意思是否仍然通顺。
- 选择在这个句子中使用的含义,即使这个词还有其他日常含义。
2练习题
1.阅读理解(入学考试)中等
“Old Mr. Hale’s garden was full of weeds, the gate hung from one hinge, and the windows were covered in dust.” What can the reader most likely infer?
- AMr. Hale spends every single day working in the garden.
- BMr. Hale has just moved into the house.
- CThe house was cleaned the day before.
- DThe house has not been cared for in some time.
2.阅读理解(入学考试)困难
“At first, the villagers laughed at Ana’s plan to plant trees on the bare hillside. Ten years later, the forest she started prevented a landslide that would have buried the village.” What is the main theme?
- ALandslides are common in mountain villages.
- BVillagers should never laugh at the plans of strangers.
- CPatient effort can prove its worth over time.
- DPlanting trees is a quick way to get rich.
3.护理预科数学(入学考试)中等
一位跑步者记录了 9 天里的跑步距离(单位:千米):27, 36, 29, 3, 21, 21, 35, 14, 17。极差 R 是多少?
27, 36, 29, 3, 21, 21, 35, 14, 17
R =
4.护理预科数学(入学考试)困难
涨薪 20% 之后,一名护理助理每周挣 $126。涨薪前的每周工资 x 是多少美元?
$126+20%
x = $
5.人体解剖学中等
肘前哪条浅静脉最常用于静脉穿刺?
- A肘正中静脉
- B肱静脉
- C腋静脉
- D大隐静脉
6.人体解剖学困难
难产时颈部受到牵拉,婴儿的手臂垂在身旁,呈内旋、前臂旋前(“侍者索小费”姿势)。臂丛的哪一部分受损?
- A内侧束
- B下干(C8–T1)
- C后束
- D上干(C5–C6)
7.人体生理学中等
为什么有髓鞘的轴突传导动作电位比无髓鞘的快?
- A髓鞘使轴突变细
- B冲动在郎飞结之间跳跃
- C髓鞘沿轴突释放神经递质
- D髓鞘含有更多钠通道
8.人体生理学困难
髓袢升支粗段中哪种转运体对建立髓质浓度梯度起关键作用?
- A水通道蛋白-2
- B钠-葡萄糖同向转运体(SGLT2)
- C上皮钠通道(ENaC)
- DNa⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ 同向转运体(NKCC2)
9.护理入学考试生物中等
Why must human gametes be haploid?
- ASo that the gametes can make more proteins
- BSo that the zygote has the normal number of 46 chromosomes
- CSo that the zygote has twice the normal number of chromosomes
- DSo that the gametes can divide quickly by mitosis
10.护理入学考试生物困难
A point mutation changes a codon in the middle of a gene into a stop codon. What is the most likely effect?
- ANo change, because stop codons are ignored
- BA shortened protein that usually does not work
- CA protein with one different amino acid
- DA protein that is longer than normal
11.护理入学考试化学中等
In the reaction Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu, which species loses electrons?
- AZn²⁺
- BCu²⁺
- CCu
- DZn
12.护理入学考试化学困难
How many atoms in total are in 0.5 mol of water, H₂O?
- A9.03 × 10²³
- B6.02 × 10²³
- C1.81 × 10²⁴
- D3.01 × 10²³
13.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)中等
Choose the correct word: “In your paper, you must ___ your sources.”
- Asite
- Bsighted
- Ccite
- Dsight
14.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)困难
Which sentence uses “e.g.” correctly?
- ABring e.g., a healthy snack, fruit or nuts.
- BBring a healthy snack, e.g., fruit or nuts.
- CBring a healthy snack e.g fruit or nuts.
- DBring a healthy snack, eg. fruit or nuts.
15.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)中等
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The two blood pressure readings were consistent.”
- ATaken at the same time
- BVery different from each other
- CIn agreement with each other
- DBoth recorded incorrectly
16.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)困难
What does the term anuria mean?
- AExcessive production of urine
- BPassing urine mainly at night
- CAbsence of urine production
- DPainful or burning urination
3溶液
1.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: D · The house has not been cared for in some time.
为什么是这个答案
Weeds, a broken gate and dusty windows all point to neglect over time. They contradict the idea of recent cleaning or daily gardening.
D · The house has not been cared for in some time.
2.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: C · Patient effort can prove its worth over time.
为什么是这个答案
Ana’s plan was mocked, but years later it saved the village. The theme is that long-term effort can prove valuable.
C · Patient effort can prove its worth over time.
3.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: R = 33
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
4.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: x = 105 $
逆向百分数:当一个数值已经按某个百分数增加或减少后,新值是原值的百分之几,而不是反过来。打八折(减 20%)后,价格是原价的 80%,所以原价 = 新价格 ÷ 0.80。千万不要把 20% 加回新价格上。
5.人体解剖学
答案: A · 肘正中静脉
为什么是这个答案
肘正中静脉在头静脉和贵要静脉之间斜穿肘窝。它位置表浅、管径大且较固定,因此容易穿刺。
6.人体解剖学
答案: D · 上干(C5–C6)
为什么是这个答案
埃尔布麻痹由上干(C5–C6)受牵拉引起,使三角肌、外旋肌和肱二头肌瘫痪。下干损伤(克隆普克麻痹)则累及手部小肌肉。
7.人体生理学
答案: B · 冲动在郎飞结之间跳跃
为什么是这个答案
髓鞘使轴突绝缘,因此动作电位只在郎飞结处产生。这种跳跃式传导要快得多。
8.人体生理学
答案: D · Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ 同向转运体(NKCC2)
为什么是这个答案
NKCC2 把 Na⁺、K⁺ 和 Cl⁻ 从小管转运到间质中而不带走水,从而建立髓质梯度。呋塞米等袢利尿剂阻断它。
D · Na⁺–K⁺–2Cl⁻ 同向转运体(NKCC2)
9.护理入学考试生物
答案: B · So that the zygote has the normal number of 46 chromosomes
为什么是这个答案
Each gamete carries 23 chromosomes. When egg and sperm fuse, the zygote gets 46. If gametes were diploid, the chromosome number would double each generation.
B · So that the zygote has the normal number of 46 chromosomes
10.护理入学考试生物
答案: B · A shortened protein that usually does not work
为什么是这个答案
The ribosome stops at the new stop codon, so the protein is cut short and usually loses its function. A change to a different amino acid would be a missense mutation.
B · A shortened protein that usually does not work
11.护理入学考试化学
答案: D · Zn
为什么是这个答案
Zinc goes from 0 to +2, so it loses two electrons and is oxidised. Cu²⁺ gains those electrons and is reduced to copper metal.
12.护理入学考试化学
答案: A · 9.03 × 10²³
为什么是这个答案
0.5 mol × 6.02 × 10²³ = 3.01 × 10²³ molecules. Each has 3 atoms, so 3 × 3.01 × 10²³ = 9.03 × 10²³ atoms.
13.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: C · cite
为什么是这个答案
“Cite” means to quote or name a source. A “site” is a location, and “sight” is the ability to see.
14.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: B · Bring a healthy snack, e.g., fruit or nuts.
为什么是这个答案
“e.g.” is written with two full stops, follows a comma and comes right before the examples. “i.e.” (that is) would restate rather than give examples.
B · Bring a healthy snack, e.g., fruit or nuts.
15.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: C · In agreement with each other
为什么是这个答案
Consistent means staying the same or agreeing with something else.
C · In agreement with each other
16.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: C · Absence of urine production
为什么是这个答案
Anuria is the absence (or near absence) of urine production, a sign of severe kidney failure or obstruction.
C · Absence of urine production
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