阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Scientists classify a tomato as a fruit because it develops from a flower and contains seeds. In cooking, however, it is usually treated as a vegetable.” What does the passage explain?
Passage 1: “Night shifts are hard on nurses’ health because they disrupt sleep.” Passage 2: “Many nurses prefer night shifts because they pay more and allow daytime family time.” Which statement could BOTH authors accept?
某诊所一个上午接诊的患者年龄为 22, 4, 22, 38, 14, 36, 12, 20, 22。众数 M 是多少?
在一门课程中,作业占成绩的 20%,期中考试占 30%,期末考试占 50%。一名学生作业得 82%,期中得 92%,期末得 76%。这门课程的成绩 G 是多少?
在手腕处摸脉搏最常用哪条动脉?
为什么吸入的异物更常卡在右主支气管而不是左主支气管?
什么是解剖无效腔?
在原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退(艾迪生病)中,预期出现哪种组合?
Why do red blood cells have a flattened, biconcave disc shape?
Home pregnancy tests use antibodies that bind the hormone hCG. Why do they react with hCG and not with other proteins in urine?
Glucose has the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆. What is its empirical formula?
下列哪一项是中和反应?
Choose the correct article: “She wants to become ___ university professor.”
Which sentence uses “e.g.” correctly?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse initiated CPR as soon as the patient collapsed.”
What does the term cholecystectomy mean?
答案: B · Why a tomato can be called both a fruit and a vegetable
The passage contrasts the scientific view (fruit, because it grows from a flower and has seeds) with the cooking view (vegetable).
答案: A · Night shifts have both costs and benefits for nurses.
Passage 1 names a cost and Passage 2 names benefits. Both could accept that night work has advantages and disadvantages; the other choices contradict at least one passage.
答案: M = 22
平均数、中位数、众数和极差:平均数是各值之和除以值的个数。中位数是把各值按顺序排列后位于中间的值;个数为偶数时,它是中间两个值的平均数。众数是出现次数最多的值。极差是最大值减去最小值。
答案: G = 82 %
加权平均:当各部分所占的百分比不同时,把每个分数乘以它的权重(用小数表示)再相加。只有当每个部分的权重相同时,对分数直接取平均才是对的。
答案: C · 桡动脉
桡动脉在手腕拇指侧、桡骨表面浅层走行,所以脉搏很容易摸到。
答案: C · 右主支气管更粗、更短、更陡直
右主支气管更粗、更短,与气管的走向更接近一条直线,因此误吸的物体往往落入其中。
答案: C · 不发生气体交换的传导气道的容积
解剖无效腔(约 150 ml)是鼻腔、气管和支气管中的空气。它每次呼吸都会移动,但从不到达肺泡。
答案: B · 低钠、高钾和高 ACTH
醛固酮缺乏导致钠丢失和钾潴留。皮质醇低使负反馈消失,因此 ACTH 升高,并可能引起皮肤色素沉着。
答案: D · It gives a large surface area for gas exchange
The biconcave shape increases surface area relative to volume and keeps the distance for diffusion short. It also makes the cells flexible enough to squeeze through narrow capillaries.
答案: C · Each antibody binds a specific antigen shape
An antibody's binding site fits one particular antigen shape, so the test reacts with hCG but not with unrelated proteins. Laboratory-made antibodies of one type (monoclonal antibodies) are used for this reason.
答案: A · CH₂O
Dividing 6, 12 and 6 by 6 gives 1 : 2 : 1, so the empirical formula is CH₂O. C₂H₄O₂ has the right ratio but is not the simplest.
答案: B · H₂SO₄ + 2KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
硫酸与氢氧化钾反应生成盐(K₂SO₄)和水。其余的分别是分解反应、燃烧反应和置换反应。
答案: D · a
“University” begins with a “yoo” (consonant) sound, so it takes “a”, even though it starts with the letter u.
答案: C · Bring a healthy snack, e.g., fruit or nuts.
“e.g.” is written with two full stops, follows a comma and comes right before the examples. “i.e.” (that is) would restate rather than give examples.
答案: C · Began
To initiate is to start or begin something.
答案: C · Surgical removal of the gallbladder
A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder, the sac that stores bile.
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