阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Leaves change colour in autumn because the trees stop making chlorophyll, the green pigment. As the green fades, yellow and orange pigments that were there all along become visible.” Where do the yellow and orange colours come from?
The author writes: “Online shopping is convenient, but it has hidden costs. Small local shops close, high streets empty and delivery vans add to traffic.” Which statement best describes the author’s view?
解出 x:2 − 6x = −46。
一个食谱需要 2 1/3 杯面粉。你要做这个食谱的 1 1/3 倍。需要多少?点击最简形式的答案。
心脏壁的哪一层含有心肌?
L4–L5 巨大中央型椎间盘突出导致鞍区麻木、尿潴留和双下肢无力。受压的是哪个结构?
在骨骼肌中,收缩所需的大部分钙来自哪里?
肾髓质中的浓度梯度主要由哪种机制产生?
Which body system works with the respiratory system to deliver oxygen to body cells?
A new infectious agent passes through filters that trap bacteria, does not grow on nutrient agar and multiplies only inside living cells. What is it most likely to be?
Which statement describes a saturated fat?
Samples of hydrogen gas (H₂) and oxygen gas (O₂) are at the same temperature. Which statement is correct?
Which sentence contains a dangling modifier?
Which revision eliminates the redundancy? “The two twins were identical in appearance and looked exactly alike.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Pain is a subjective symptom.”
What does the term lithotripsy mean?
答案: B · Pigments already present in the leaves
The yellow and orange pigments were in the leaves all along; they become visible when the green chlorophyll fades.
答案: D · Online shopping has drawbacks that are easy to miss.
The author admits online shopping is convenient but points to less obvious costs, so the view is that it has hidden drawbacks. The author does not call for a ban.
答案: x = 8
解方程:对等式两边做同样的操作,直到 x 单独在一边。按相反的顺序撤销运算:先撤销加法或减法,再撤销乘法或除法。用分配律 a(x + b) = ax + ab 去掉括号,并把含 x 的项合并到一边。把答案代回去检验。
答案: 3 1/9
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
答案: C · 心肌层
心肌层是厚厚的中间肌层。心内膜衬于心腔内面,心外膜覆盖外表面。
答案: D · 马尾
L1–L2 以下的椎管内是马尾。这些腰骶神经根受到中央型压迫会引起马尾综合征,属于外科急症。
答案: D · 肌质网
T 管去极化打开肌质网上的雷诺丁受体,把储存的钙释放到细胞质中。
答案: B · 髓袢的逆流倍增机制
升支主动把 NaCl 转运到间质而不让水随之移动,逆流使这种效应倍增成陡峭的梯度,ADH 随后利用该梯度浓缩尿液。
答案: D · The circulatory system
The lungs load oxygen into the blood, and the heart and blood vessels of the circulatory system carry it to the cells. The same systems bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
答案: B · A virus
Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, so they pass through bacterial filters. They cannot grow on non-living media because they need a host cell's machinery to reproduce.
答案: A · Its fatty acid chains have no carbon–carbon double bonds
Saturated fatty acids have only C–C single bonds and the maximum number of hydrogens. Their straight chains pack closely, so saturated fats such as butter are usually solid at room temperature.
答案: C · They have the same average kinetic energy, but H₂ molecules move faster
At the same temperature, all gases have the same average kinetic energy. Because KE = ½mv², the lighter H₂ molecules must move faster to have the same energy as heavier O₂ molecules.
答案: C · Walking into the room, the lights turned on.
In the first sentence the opening phrase seems to describe “the lights”, as if the lights were walking. The doer must follow the phrase.
答案: A · The twins looked exactly alike.
A removes the repeated ideas: “two” is implied by “twins”, and “identical in appearance” repeats “looked exactly alike”.
答案: D · Based on the patient’s own experience
Subjective information comes from the patient’s own feelings and report, so it cannot be measured directly.
答案: C · Crushing of stones
Lithotripsy breaks up stones, such as kidney stones, often using shock waves from outside the body.
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