阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Studies show that people who eat breakfast tend to have more energy in the morning. In my view, breakfast is the most delicious meal of the day. Which sentence contains an opinion?
A study reported that students who slept at least eight hours scored higher on tests than those who slept less. The study included 5000 students from many schools and controlled for age and family income. Why does the author mention the size of the study and the controls?
一双鞋标价 $150.25。现在打 10% 的折扣,并在折后价上加 5% 的销售税。最终价格 P 是多少?四舍五入到分。
在打折 50% 的促销中,一个听诊器售价 $102.5。原价 x 是多少美元?
哪对脑神经控制舌的运动?
一名足球运动员支撑腿的膝关节外侧受到撞击。哪种损伤组合被经典地称为“膝关节三联征”(unhappy triad)?
肺表面活性物质的主要功能是什么?
为什么左心室衰竭会引起肺水肿?
Clostridium tetani grows in deep puncture wounds but is killed by oxygen. How is this bacterium described?
两株基因型均为 AaBb 的豌豆杂交。这两个基因位于不同的染色体上。预期后代中有多大比例表现两个隐性性状(aabb)?
将 2 摩尔葡萄糖溶于水,配成 4 升溶液。摩尔浓度是多少?
某元素的电子排布为 2, 8, 7。它最可能形成哪种离子?
Which sentence uses parentheses correctly to add extra information?
Which sentence clearly means that she likes her patients more than her coworkers like them?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The side effects of the new drug were negligible.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse noticed petechiae on the patient’s legs.”
答案: A · The second sentence
The first sentence reports study results (a fact that can be checked). The second gives a personal taste, an opinion.
答案: D · To show the results are more trustworthy
A large sample and controls for other factors make the result more reliable. They do not prove sleep is the only cause.
答案: P = 142 $
折扣与销售税:d% 的折扣后剩下价格的 (100 − d)%;t% 的税是在折后价上再加 t%。按这个顺序计算:价格 × (1 − d/100),然后 × (1 + t/100)。金额只在最后四舍五入到分。
答案: x = 205 $
逆向百分数:当一个数值已经按某个百分数增加或减少后,新值是原值的百分之几,而不是反过来。打八折(减 20%)后,价格是原价的 80%,所以原价 = 新价格 ÷ 0.80。千万不要把 20% 加回新价格上。
答案: A · 舌下神经(XII)
舌下神经支配舌内肌和大部分舌外肌。损伤时伸舌偏向患侧。
答案: D · 前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
外翻力加旋转会撕裂内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带以及与内侧副韧带紧密相连的内侧半月板。
答案: B · 降低肺泡的表面张力
表面活性物质由 II 型肺泡细胞产生,能降低表面张力,使肺泡不致塌陷,肺也更容易扩张。
答案: A · 左心房压升高使肺毛细血管静水压升高
衰竭的左心室使压力向后传到左心房和肺静脉。毛细血管静水压升高,把液体推入肺间质和肺泡。
答案: D · An obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in oxygen, so they thrive in deep, airless wounds. Obligate aerobes need oxygen, and facultative anaerobes can grow with or without it.
答案: B · 1/16
P(aa) = 1/4,P(bb) = 1/4,且这两个基因独立分配,所以 P(aabb) = 1/4 × 1/4 = 1/16。完整的比例是 9 : 3 : 3 : 1。
答案: B · 0.5 M
M = 2 mol ÷ 4 L = 0.5 mol/L。如果乘而不是除,会得到 8 M。
答案: A · 1− 离子
最外层有 7 个电子(氯),得到一个电子完成八隅体远比失去七个电子容易,所以形成 1− 离子。
答案: D · The reading (taken at 9 a.m.) was normal.
Parentheses enclose extra information that can be removed. In A, “The reading was normal” is still a complete sentence.
答案: C · She likes her patients more than her coworkers do.
“More than her coworkers do” compares how much she and her coworkers like the patients. B compares the patients with the coworkers instead, and C and D change the meaning.
答案: D · So small they can be ignored
Negligible means so small or unimportant that it is not worth considering.
答案: A · Tiny red or purple pinpoint spots
Petechiae are pinpoint spots caused by tiny bleeds under the skin.
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