阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Unlike the noisy city where she grew up, the village was so quiet that Maya could hear the stream from her bedroom.” What contrast does the author draw?
“Ten patients tried a new sleep app. Eight said they slept better. The app company now claims: ‘Proven to cure insomnia!’” Why is the claim not justified?
一条步道长 1.5 英里。那是多少英尺 x?
一场医院募捐活动有 50 张抽奖券。第一天卖出其中的 4/5,第二天卖出剩余票数的 1/2。还有多少张票 x 没卖出?
左心房和左心室之间是哪个瓣膜?
患者上睑下垂、瞳孔散大,眼球处于“向下向外”的位置。最可能损伤的是哪条神经?
典型神经元动作电位的去极化期是哪种离子进入细胞引起的?
在 Graves 病中,预期的甲状腺功能结果是什么?为什么?
Drugs against fungal infections often cause more side effects than drugs against bacteria. Why?
A patient is given a large volume of hypotonic IV fluid too quickly. What is the most likely effect on the patient's cells?
Which list is in order from smallest to largest mass?
A scuba diver breathes compressed air deep underwater. Why must the diver breathe out while swimming up to the surface?
Which sentence uses a semicolon correctly?
Which sentence shows that the writer has only one brother?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse delegated the bed bath to a nursing assistant.”
Which word is the opposite of vasoconstriction?
答案: A · Between city noise and village quiet
“Unlike” compares the noisy city with the quiet village.
答案: D · Ten self-reports without a comparison group prove little.
A tiny group, no control group and self-reported results cannot show that the app cures insomnia. “Proven” and “cure” overstate the evidence.
答案: x = 7920 ft
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: x = 5
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
答案: D · 二尖瓣
二尖瓣分隔左心房和左心室;右侧由三尖瓣起同样作用。
答案: C · 动眼神经(III)
动眼神经支配大部分眼外肌、上睑提肌和瞳孔括约肌。损伤后外直肌和上斜肌失去拮抗,因此眼球转向下外方。
答案: D · 钠离子(Na⁺)
电压门控 Na⁺ 通道打开,Na⁺ 内流使膜去极化。随后 K⁺ 外流使膜复极化。
答案: B · T4 高、TSH 低,因为抗体刺激 TSH 受体
TSH 受体抗体不依赖 TSH 而刺激甲状腺。由此产生的高 T4 和 T3 通过负反馈抑制垂体 TSH。
答案: C · Fungal cells are eukaryotic, like human cells
Fungal and human cells share many features, such as a nucleus and similar ribosomes. Fewer targets are unique to fungi, so antifungal drugs are more likely to affect human cells too.
答案: C · Water moves into the cells, and they swell
When the fluid around cells becomes hypotonic, water moves into the cells by osmosis and they swell. In the brain this can be dangerous, which is why hypotonic fluids are given with care.
答案: B · Milligram, gram, kilogram
1 mg = 0.001 g and 1 kg = 1000 g, so mg < g < kg. Each step is a factor of 1000.
答案: D · The air in the lungs expands as the outside pressure falls
Water pressure decreases on the way up, so the gas in the lungs expands. If the diver holds their breath, the expanding air can over-stretch and injure the lungs.
答案: A · I was exhausted; I went straight to bed.
Both sides of the semicolon in the first sentence are independent clauses. A dependent clause or a fragment cannot stand on either side.
答案: C · My brother, who lives in Ohio, is a nurse.
With commas the clause is nonessential: it adds a detail about the only brother. Without commas it is essential and suggests there are other brothers who live elsewhere. C and D use only one comma, which is incorrect.
答案: D · Assigned it to another person
To delegate is to give a task to another person while staying accountable for the outcome.
答案: D · Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction is narrowing of the blood vessels and vasodilation is their widening; a vasospasm is a sudden, temporary constriction.
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