阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Coral reefs cover less than one percent of the ocean floor, yet they are home to about a quarter of all marine species. Warmer water can cause corals to lose the algae that feed them, a process called bleaching. What does the word “yet” signal in the first sentence?
“Despite years of warnings, the town did not repair the old dam. When the storm came, the water broke through and flooded the valley.” What is the author most likely suggesting?
哪个最简分数或带分数等于小数 2.42?点击它。
一场医院募捐活动有 160 张抽奖券。第一天卖出其中的 3/4,第二天卖出剩余票数的 3/5。还有多少张票 x 没卖出?
哪条动脉供应左心室前壁的大部分和室间隔的前部?
维生素 B12 和胆盐主要在小肠的哪一段吸收?
心电图上的 QRS 波群代表什么?
一名小细胞肺癌患者血钠低、血浆渗透压低,但尿液却不恰当地浓缩。最可能的解释是什么?
酶是如何加快化学反应的?
Kidney tubule cells move glucose from the filtrate back into the blood, even when there is less glucose in the filtrate than in the cells. What does this show?
Which statement describes a saturated fat?
10 g 某物质溶于水,配成 250 mL 溶液。它的浓度是多少 g/L?
Choose the correct pronoun: “The nurse and the aide finished ___ rounds early.”
Which choice is the best transition? “The treatment was effective. ___, it had several side effects.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse will percuss the patient’s chest.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The surgeon explained that the tumour was inoperable.”
答案: C · A contrast between the reefs’ small area and their many species
“Yet” contrasts the small size of reefs with the large number of species they support.
答案: C · The flood could probably have been prevented.
Mentioning years of ignored warnings suggests the damage might have been avoided if the dam had been repaired.
答案: 2 21/50
分数、小数和百分数是书写同一个数的三种方式。分数 → 小数:分子除以分母。小数 → 百分数:乘以 100(小数点右移两位)。百分数 → 小数:除以 100。小数 → 分数:把数字写在 10、100 或 1000 上(每一位小数一个零)再约分。
答案: x = 16
分数的乘除:先把带分数化成假分数(2 1/3 = 7/3)。乘法:分子乘分子,分母乘分母。除法:保留第一个分数,把 ÷ 改成 ×,并把第二个分数颠倒(乘以它的倒数)。约去公因数,把结果化成最简带分数。
答案: B · 左前降支
左前降支(前室间支)供应左心室前壁和室间隔前三分之二。它的阻塞会导致前壁梗死。
答案: A · 回肠末端
回肠末端吸收维生素 B12(与内因子结合)并重吸收胆盐。十二指肠主要吸收铁。
答案: D · 心室去极化
P 波是心房去极化,QRS 波群是心室去极化,T 波是心室复极化。心房复极化被掩盖在 QRS 中。
答案: D · 抗利尿激素分泌不当综合征
在 SIADH 中,过多的 ADH 使肾脏保留水分,稀释血浆,而尿液保持浓缩。小细胞肺癌可以分泌 ADH。
答案: C · 降低活化能
酶提供了活化能更低的更容易的途径。它们不会被消耗,可以一次又一次地发挥作用。
答案: C · Glucose is moved by active transport
Moving glucose from a lower to a higher concentration goes against the gradient, so energy is needed. This is active transport, here powered by the sodium gradient set up by the sodium-potassium pump.
答案: D · Its fatty acid chains have no carbon–carbon double bonds
Saturated fatty acids have only C–C single bonds and the maximum number of hydrogens. Their straight chains pack closely, so saturated fats such as butter are usually solid at room temperature.
答案: C · 40 g/L
250 mL = 0.25 L,所以浓度为 10 g ÷ 0.25 L = 40 g/L。
答案: A · their
The antecedent is “the nurse and the aide”, a compound joined by “and”, so the plural pronoun “their” agrees with it.
答案: B · However
“However” signals contrast. “Therefore” shows a result, “similarly” a likeness and “for example” an illustration.
答案: A · Tap to produce sounds
To percuss is to tap the body surface and listen to the sound, which helps show whether tissue is air-filled, fluid-filled or solid.
答案: A · Unable to be treated by surgery
Inoperable means that surgery cannot be used to remove or treat the problem safely.
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