阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A notice says: “The water will be turned off in Building C from 9 a.m. to noon on Thursday for pipe repairs. Please store some water in advance.” What does the notice suggest residents should do?
Medicine schedule: “Tablet A: every 12 hours. Tablet B: every 8 hours.” Both are first given at 8 a.m. At what time will both tablets next be due together?
一个班次持续 1 h 55 min。那是多少分钟 t?
一盒 192 只手套按 2 : 3 : 7 的比例分给三个病房。第二个病房分到多少只手套 x?
脑底的 Willis 环(大脑动脉环)连接哪两个动脉供血系统?
为什么移位的股骨颈骨折发生股骨头缺血性坏死的风险很高?
哪些感受器主要对动脉血氧水平下降起反应?
肾小球出球小动脉收缩而入球小动脉不变时,往往会:
把一个红细胞放入很咸的(高渗)溶液中。会发生什么?
A man has Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). Which error most likely produced it?
What percentage of the mass of water (H₂O, 18 g/mol) is hydrogen (H = 1 g/mol)?
氯有两种常见同位素:氯-35(约 75%)和氯-37(约 25%)。它的平均原子质量是多少?
Choose the correct pronoun: “The nurse explained the procedure to the patient and ___ husband.”
What is the function of the underlined phrase? “She came to the clinic to get a flu shot.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Subsequent blood tests were all normal.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Hand hygiene is imperative before every patient contact.”
答案: A · Keep some water ready before Thursday morning.
The notice asks residents to store water before the shutoff from 9 a.m. to noon on Thursday. It does not ask them to leave or do repairs.
答案: D · 8 a.m. the next day
Tablet A is due at 8 p.m. and 8 a.m.; Tablet B at 4 p.m., midnight and 8 a.m. The first shared time is 8 a.m. the next day, 24 hours later.
答案: t = 115 min
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: x = 48
比与比例:比 a : b 比较两个量。比例中两个比相等,a/b = c/d,用交叉相乘求解:a·d = b·c。把一个量按 m : n 分配,就把它分成 m + n 等份;一方得 m 份,另一方得 n 份。
答案: B · 颈内动脉系统和椎-基底动脉系统
Willis 环把颈内动脉与基底动脉(由椎动脉汇合而成)连接起来,可提供一定的侧支血流。
答案: B · 它撕裂了旋股内侧动脉的支持带支
股骨头主要由沿股骨颈走行的旋股内侧动脉支持带支供血。移位的股骨颈骨折会撕裂这些血管,股骨头可能因此坏死。
答案: B · 颈动脉体和主动脉体中的外周化学感受器
颈动脉体和主动脉体检测低 PaO₂(也检测高 CO₂ 和 H⁺)。中枢化学感受器对 CO₂ 起反应,但不直接对氧起反应。
答案: D · 升高肾小球毛细血管压和 GFR
出球小动脉收缩把血液留在肾小球中,使其压力和 GFR 升高。血管紧张素 II 就是这样起作用的,这也是 ACE 抑制剂可能降低 GFR 的原因。
答案: D · 水离开细胞,细胞皱缩
外部溶液的溶质更多,所以水通过渗透离开细胞,细胞皱缩(呈锯齿状)。在低渗溶液中则发生相反的情况。
答案: D · Nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes during meiosis in a parent
An extra whole chromosome usually comes from nondisjunction, when chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis. For example, an XY sperm fertilising an X egg, or an XX egg fertilised by a Y sperm, gives XXY.
答案: B · About 11%
One mole of water contains 2 g of hydrogen: 2 ÷ 18 × 100 ≈ 11.1%. Oxygen makes up the other 89% by mass, even though 2 of the 3 atoms are hydrogen.
答案: A · 约 35.5
0.75 × 35 + 0.25 × 37 = 26.25 + 9.25 = 35.5。直接取 35 和 37 的平均值(36)忽略了丰度。
答案: A · her
“Her” is the possessive form used before a noun. “Hers” stands alone without a noun, as in “The coat is hers.”
答案: B · An infinitive phrase showing purpose
“To get a flu shot” is an infinitive phrase (to + base verb). It acts like an adverb and explains why she came.
答案: A · Coming after
Subsequent means following in time or order.
答案: C · Absolutely necessary
Imperative means extremely important or essential.
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