阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
The library’s new rule states: “Mobile phones must be set to silent in the reading room. Calls may be taken in the lobby.” Where may visitors take phone calls?
A shift schedule shows: Nurse A works Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Nurse B works Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. Nurse C works Monday, Thursday and Saturday. On which day do Nurse A and Nurse B work together?
用运算顺序求 x 的值:x = 30 − 3³ + 2 × 7。
一位家庭护理护士在 3 h 24 min 内开了 119 英里。平均速度 v 是多少英里/小时?
哪对脑神经支配斜方肌和胸锁乳突肌?
L4 与 L5 之间典型的后外侧椎间盘突出最常压迫哪条神经根?
健康人呼吸的主要刺激是什么?
为什么乳糖酶缺乏的人喝牛奶后会腹泻和腹胀?
In a food chain, producers hold 10 000 units of energy. Roughly how much is passed on to the primary consumers?
A man with an X-linked recessive disorder (XʰY) has children with a woman who has two normal alleles (XᴴXᴴ). What is expected among their children?
What is the mass of 0.5 mol of NaCl (molar mass 58.5 g/mol)?
一个气球内有 300 K 时 2.0 L 的气体。在压强恒定下,加热到 450 K。新的体积是多少?
Choose the correct verb in American English: “The committee ___ once a month.”
Choose the correct verb: “Two-thirds of the medication ___ been used.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient had a laceration on her scalp after the fall.”
Which word means “enlargement of the heart”?
答案: D · In the lobby
Calls may be taken in the lobby; phones must be silent in the reading room.
答案: D · Wednesday
Nurse A works Mon, Wed, Fri and Nurse B works Tue, Wed, Thu. The only shared day is Wednesday.
答案: x = 17
运算顺序(PEMDAS/BODMAS):先算括号里面的,然后算指数(乘方),再从左到右算乘法和除法,最后从左到右算加法和减法。乘法并不先于除法,加法也并不先于减法:每一对都按出现的先后顺序计算。括号里的负数平方时保留符号:(−3)² = 9,而 −3² = −9。
3³ 表示 3 × 3 × 3。
答案: v = 35 mph
速率与比例尺:速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间,时间要用答案所需的单位(2 h 15 min = 2.25 h,因为 15 min = 15/60 h)。地图比例尺是一个比例:地图上的 1 cm 代表地面上的固定距离,所以把地图距离乘以它。
答案: A · 副神经(XI)
副神经(XI)支配胸锁乳突肌和斜方肌。损伤会使转头和耸肩无力。
答案: D · L5
L4–L5 后外侧突出通常压迫下行经过的 L5 神经根,导致拇趾背伸无力和足背麻木。
答案: B · 动脉 CO₂ 升高
中枢化学感受器对 CO₂(通过脑脊液 pH)作出反应。只有当 PaO₂ 降到远低于正常水平时(例如在高海拔地区),低 O₂ 才会显著增强呼吸驱动。
答案: C · 未消化的乳糖把水吸入肠道,并被结肠细菌发酵
未被吸收的乳糖产生渗透作用,把水拉入肠腔。结肠细菌将其发酵,产生气体和短链脂肪酸。
答案: A · About 1000 units
Only about 10% of the energy at one level is passed to the next. The rest is used for life processes, lost as heat or left in parts that are not eaten.
答案: C · All daughters are carriers, and no sons are affected
Every daughter gets the father's Xʰ and the mother's Xᴴ, so all daughters are carriers. Every son gets the father's Y and the mother's Xᴴ, so sons are unaffected.
答案: D · 29.25 g
0.5 mol × 58.5 g/mol = 29.25 g. Dividing instead of multiplying gives 117, which has the wrong units.
答案: C · 3.0 L
V₂ = V₁ × T₂/T₁ = 2.0 × 450/300 = 3.0 L。体积与绝对温度成正比地增大。
答案: B · meets
In American English a collective noun acting as one unit takes a singular verb: “The committee meets.” British English also allows “The committee meet” when the members are thought of as individuals.
答案: B · has
A fraction takes its number from the noun after “of”. “Medication” is singular here, so the verb is “has”.
答案: A · A torn or jagged cut
A laceration is a wound in which the skin is torn or cut, often with irregular edges.
答案: C · Cardiomegaly
Cardiomegaly combines cardi/o (heart) with -megaly (enlargement).
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