阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Handwashing is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infection in hospitals,” says a training manual. What would the manual most likely recommend next?
Antibiotics kill bacteria, but they do not work on viruses. Taking antibiotics when they are not needed can help bacteria become resistant, making future infections harder to treat. What would the author most likely recommend?
一本教科书的价格从 $64 变为 $16。 减少的百分数是多少 p?
一个圆柱的半径为 5 cm,高为 12 cm。取 π ≈ 3.14,求它的体积 V。
受精最常发生在哪里?
患者仅用右腿站立时,骨盆左侧下降(特伦德伦堡征阳性)。最可能损伤的是哪条神经?
为什么氧-血红蛋白解离曲线呈 S 形?
为什么深潜者快速上浮有患减压病的风险?
Which kind of mutation can be passed on to a person's children?
A farmer's crops grow poorly in soil lacking nitrates. Why do plants need nitrogen?
Which bond joins amino acids together in a protein?
A solution of acetic acid conducts electricity only weakly, while hydrochloric acid of the same concentration conducts strongly. Why?
Which phrase uses a hyphen correctly in a compound adjective with a number?
Which revision corrects the dangling modifier? “After finishing the exam, the room was quiet.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Patients with heart failure often retain fluid.”
What does the term pneumothorax mean?
答案: D · Washing hands before and after patient contact
If handwashing is the best way to prevent infection, the manual would likely recommend washing before and after each patient contact.
答案: A · Using antibiotics only when a doctor confirms a bacterial infection
The author warns that unnecessary use causes resistance, so the recommendation would be to use antibiotics only when they are truly needed.
答案: p = 75 %
百分数表示每一百份中的份数:一个数的 p% 等于 (p/100) × 这个数。求 A 是 B 的百分之几,用 A 除以 B 再乘以 100。百分数变化是把变化量与原值比较:百分数变化 =(新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100。
答案: V = 942 cm³
周长、面积和体积:周长是围绕图形一周的长度(长方形:2l + 2w)。面积以平方单位计量:长方形 l × w,三角形 ½ × 底 × 高,圆 π·r²。圆的周长是 π·d = 2π·r。体积以立方单位计量:长方体 l × w × h,圆柱 π·r²·h。使用题目给出的 π 值。
答案: D · 输卵管壶腹部
受精通常发生在输卵管壶腹部。胚胎随后移行到子宫着床。
答案: A · 右侧臀上神经
臀上神经支配臀中肌和臀小肌。如果支撑腿(右腿)的这两块肌肉无力,骨盆就会在对侧无支撑的一边下沉。
答案: A · 结合一个氧分子使下一个更容易结合
血红蛋白表现出协同结合:每结合一个 O₂ 都会提高其余位点的亲和力,从而形成 S 形曲线。
答案: C · 在高压下溶解的氮气在压力下降时形成气泡
在深处,更多氮气溶解到组织中。如果压力下降过快,氮气会以气泡形式从组织和血液中析出,引起“潜水病”。
答案: C · A mutation in a cell that forms eggs or sperm
Germline mutations, in cells that form gametes, can be inherited. Somatic mutations in body cells, such as UV damage in skin, affect only that person and may cause cancer, but are not passed to children.
答案: C · To make amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids
Nitrogen is part of every amino acid and every nucleotide base. Without enough nitrate, plants cannot make enough protein and DNA for growth. Glucose and cellulose contain no nitrogen.
答案: A · A peptide bond
A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next, releasing a water molecule. Glycosidic bonds join sugars.
答案: C · Acetic acid only partly ionises, so it forms fewer ions
HCl ionises almost completely (a strong electrolyte), while acetic acid ionises only slightly (a weak electrolyte). Fewer ions carry less current.
答案: A · a three-day course
A number + unit placed before a noun is hyphenated, and the unit stays singular: a three-day course, a ten-year-old child.
答案: D · After the students finished the exam, the room was quiet.
The room did not finish the exam. A names the people who did, so the modifier is no longer dangling.
答案: B · Hold on to
To retain is to keep or hold on to something; fluid retention causes swelling and weight gain.
答案: A · Air in the chest cavity around the lung
A pneumothorax is air in the pleural space, which can cause the lung to collapse; blood there is a haemothorax.
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