阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Mount Everest grows about 4 millimetres taller every year. This happens because the Indian plate is slowly pushing against the Eurasian plate, forcing the land upward. What causes Mount Everest to grow?
The author writes: “Online shopping is convenient, but it has hidden costs. Small local shops close, high streets empty and delivery vans add to traffic.” Which statement best describes the author’s view?
把 2.5 km 换算成厘米 x。
在打折 15% 的促销中,一个听诊器售价 $195.5。原价 x 是多少美元?
哪条动脉供应左心室前壁的大部分和室间隔的前部?
腹股沟斜疝从哪个位置进入腹股沟管?
肺活量是哪些肺容积之和?
为什么深潜者快速上浮有患减压病的风险?
正常的人类卵细胞含有多少条染色体?
一个点突变使密码子 GAA 变为 GAG,两者都编码谷氨酸。这是哪种突变?
冰水混合物中的冰在融化期间,温度会怎样?
将 2 mol H₂ 和 2 mol O₂ 混合,按 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O 反应。哪种反应物是限量试剂?
Choose the correct pronoun: “___ students need more study time.”
Choose the correct verb for formal (especially American) English: “The policy requires that every visitor ___ a mask.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s blood pressure was labile throughout the night.”
Which word means “a surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluid”?
答案: C · The movement of two plates pushing together
The passage says one tectonic plate pushes against another, forcing the land upward.
答案: A · Online shopping has drawbacks that are easy to miss.
The author admits online shopping is convenient but points to less obvious costs, so the view is that it has hidden drawbacks. The author does not call for a ban.
答案: x = 250000 cm
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: x = 230 $
逆向百分数:当一个数值已经按某个百分数增加或减少后,新值是原值的百分之几,而不是反过来。打八折(减 20%)后,价格是原价的 80%,所以原价 = 新价格 ÷ 0.80。千万不要把 20% 加回新价格上。
答案: A · 左前降支
左前降支(前室间支)供应左心室前壁和室间隔前三分之二。它的阻塞会导致前壁梗死。
答案: C · 经腹股沟管深环,位于腹壁下血管外侧
斜疝经深环穿出,位于腹壁下血管外侧,并沿腹股沟管走行。直疝则在腹壁下血管内侧从后壁突出。
答案: A · 潮气量、补吸气量和补呼气量
肺活量 = IRV + TV + ERV。它不包括始终留在肺内的残气量。
答案: C · 在高压下溶解的氮气在压力下降时形成气泡
在深处,更多氮气溶解到组织中。如果压力下降过快,氮气会以气泡形式从组织和血液中析出,引起“潜水病”。
答案: B · 23
减数分裂使染色体数目减半,所以卵子和精子有 23 条染色体。受精使其恢复为 46 条。
答案: B · 沉默突变
因为多个密码子编码同一种氨基酸,所以有些碱基改变不会改变蛋白质。这些就是沉默突变。
答案: C · 保持在 0 °C,直到冰全部融化
在相变期间,加入的热量(潜热)用于破坏粒子之间的键,而不是升高温度,所以温度保持在熔点。
答案: D · 氢气,因为 2 mol H₂ 只用掉 1 mol O₂
2 mol H₂ 只需要 1 mol O₂,所以剩下 1 mol O₂。氢气最先用完,限制了水的生成量(2 mol)。
答案: D · We
Without the noun, “We need more study time” is correct, so “We students” is correct. “Us” is the object form.
答案: C · wear
The subjunctive uses the base form of the verb, even with a singular subject: “that every visitor wear”. British English often uses “should wear” instead, but US-style exams expect the subjunctive.
答案: C · Changing quickly and often
Labile means unstable and easily changed, for example a blood pressure that keeps going up and down.
答案: A · Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis (in the UK also called thoracocentesis or pleural aspiration) removes fluid from the pleural space; a thoracotomy is an incision into the chest.
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