阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A line graph shows the number of visitors to a park each month. The line rises steadily from January to July, then falls from August to December. Which statement best describes the data?
The writer argues: “We should not build the new road. It will destroy the old forest, and the traffic it saves will last only until more cars fill it.” Which piece of evidence would most strengthen the writer’s argument?
折线图显示了从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,每 2 小时一次候诊室里的人数。 从第 2 小时到第 4 小时,数值变化了多少 Δ?减少时用负数。
一家健身房收取 $30 的一次性入会费,外加每月 $25。玛丽亚一共付了 $330。她已经入会多少个月 n?
肩袖由冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌和哪块肌肉组成?
为什么吸入的异物更常卡在右主支气管而不是左主支气管?
哪种 ABO 血型的血浆中同时含有抗 A 和抗 B 抗体?
一名年轻女性的肌无力在反复使用后加重,使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂后改善。最可能的机制是什么?
When plotting the results of an experiment, which variable usually goes on the y-axis?
Which evidence supports the theory that mitochondria came from bacteria that lived inside an ancient cell?
To which family of organic compounds does ethanol, C₂H₅OH, belong?
A solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1 × 10⁻³ mol/L. What is its pH at 25 °C?
Choose the correct verb: “There ___ two messages for you at the desk.”
Which sentence uses “whoever” or “whomever” correctly?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse initiated CPR as soon as the patient collapsed.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “His symptoms ___ after he started the antibiotic, and he soon felt much better.”
答案: A · Visits peak around July and then fall towards December.
The line rises to July and then falls, so visits peak around July and decrease towards December. The graph gives months, not seasons, which differ between hemispheres.
答案: C · Studies showing new roads often fill with more traffic
Evidence that new roads tend to attract more traffic directly supports the writer’s claim that any time saved would not last. A forest that few people visit would, if anything, weaken the case.
答案: Δ = −10
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: n = 12 月
应用题:给未知数命名(例如 x = 月数),把已知事实写成一个方程,解出它,并检查答案在题目情境中是否合理。固定费用加上每单位的费率,得到总额 = 费用 + 费率 × 单位数。
答案: C · 肩胛下肌
SITS:冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌(teres minor)和肩胛下肌。大圆肌位置很近,但不属于肩袖。
答案: D · 右主支气管更粗、更短、更陡直
右主支气管更粗、更短,与气管的走向更接近一条直线,因此误吸的物体往往落入其中。
答案: D · O 型
O 型血的人没有 A 或 B 抗原,同时产生抗 A 和抗 B 抗体。AB 型有两种抗原,但两种抗体都没有。
答案: B · 针对神经肌肉接头处乙酰胆碱受体的抗体
在重症肌无力中,自身抗体减少了有功能的乙酰胆碱受体数量。阻断乙酰胆碱酯酶可以留下更多 ACh 与剩余受体结合。
答案: C · The dependent variable
The independent variable, which the experimenter changes, goes on the x-axis. The dependent variable, which is measured, goes on the y-axis.
答案: B · They have their own circular DNA, ribosomes and a double membrane
The endosymbiotic theory is supported by mitochondria having circular DNA, bacteria-like ribosomes, a double membrane and division by a process like binary fission. Chloroplasts show the same features.
答案: D · Alcohols
Ethanol has an –OH group, so it is an alcohol. Names ending in "-ol" signal alcohols, such as methanol and propanol. Ethanol is used in hand sanitisers and as a disinfectant.
答案: D · 11
pOH = −log(10⁻³) = 3, so pH = 14 − 3 = 11. Answering 3 confuses pOH with pH.
答案: C · are
The subject is “messages”, which is plural, so the verb is “are”. “There” is not the subject.
答案: A · Whoever arrives first should unlock the door.
“Whoever” is the subject of the clause “whoever arrives first”. “Whomever” is the object form.
答案: B · Began
To initiate is to start or begin something.
答案: A · abated
To abate is to become less intense or widespread.
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