阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Ella stared at the empty page. The essay was due in an hour, and she had written only her name.” How does Ella most likely feel?
The author writes: “Since the city put up speed cameras, the number of crashes has fallen. The cameras also earned the city a lot of money in fines. Critics say this proves the cameras are only about money.” Why is the critics’ conclusion weak?
折线图显示了从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,每 2 小时一次的室外温度。 这六次读数的平均数 x̄ 是多少?
用运算顺序求 x 的值:x = (−3)² − 4 × (−5) ÷ 4。
脑膜的最外层是哪一层?
一位主动脉弓巨大动脉瘤患者出现声音嘶哑。最可能受压的是哪条神经?
哪个激素事件触发排卵?
一名糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者呼吸深快。血气应呈现什么模式?
科学家为什么要重复实验或使用许多研究对象?
一个 DNA 样本含有 30% 的腺嘌呤。其碱基中鸟嘌呤占百分之几?
The amino acid glycine has an –NH₂ group and a –COOH group. What are these two groups called?
A piece of copper is placed in zinc sulfate solution. Zinc is more reactive than copper. What happens?
Choose the correct word: “Take a deep ___ and hold it.”
Which spelling is correct for the word that means “upkeep”?
What does the root my/o refer to?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient with meningitis had photophobia.”
答案: A · Worried
An essay due in one hour with only a name written would make most people anxious or worried.
答案: D · Earning money does not rule out improving safety.
The cameras can both earn money and reduce crashes. Earning fines does not prove that money is their only purpose.
答案: x̄ = 9 °C
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: x = 14
运算顺序(PEMDAS/BODMAS):先算括号里面的,然后算指数(乘方),再从左到右算乘法和除法,最后从左到右算加法和减法。乘法并不先于除法,加法也并不先于减法:每一对都按出现的先后顺序计算。括号里的负数平方时保留符号:(−3)² = 9,而 −3² = −9。
(−3)² 是正数:负数乘负数为正。
答案: B · 硬脑膜
脑膜由外向内依次为硬脑膜、蛛网膜和软脑膜。脑脊液在蛛网膜与软脑膜之间的蛛网膜下腔内流动。
答案: A · 左喉返神经
左喉返神经在动脉韧带旁勾绕主动脉弓下方。它支配大部分喉肌,因此受压会导致声音嘶哑。
答案: D · 黄体生成素(LH)峰
优势卵泡分泌的雌激素不断升高,触发腺垂体释放 LH 峰,约一天后引起排卵。
答案: B · pH 降低、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
酮酸消耗碳酸氢盐,引起代谢性酸中毒。Kussmaul 呼吸作为呼吸代偿降低了 PaCO₂。
答案: A · 减少偶然性对结果的影响
重复和更大的样本可以显示结果是否一致。无论重复多少次,都不能绝对证明一个假设。
答案: D · 20%
腺嘌呤 = 胸腺嘧啶 = 30%,所以 A + T = 60%。其余 40% 由 G 和 C 平分,因此鸟嘌呤占 20%(查加夫法则)。
答案: C · An amino group and a carboxyl group
Every amino acid has an amino group (–NH₂, basic) and a carboxyl group (–COOH, acidic). These two groups react to form peptide bonds.
答案: D · No reaction occurs
In single replacement, a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one. Copper is less reactive than zinc, so it cannot displace zinc, and nothing happens. Zinc in copper sulfate would react.
答案: A · breath
“Breath” (short e sound) is the noun. “Breathe” (long e sound) is the verb, as in “Breathe slowly.”
答案: D · maintenance
“Maintenance” drops the “ai” of “maintain”: main-ten-ance.
答案: D · Muscle
My/o means muscle: myocardium is heart muscle and myalgia muscle pain.
答案: C · Sensitivity to light
Photophobia is discomfort or pain in the eyes caused by light.
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