阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“The town had a problem: the only bridge over the river was too narrow for two cars. The council solved it by building a second bridge and making each one-way.” How is the passage organised?
“A doctor’s note must be given for any absence of more than three days. Absences of three days or fewer can be reported by phone.” A nurse is absent from Monday to Wednesday. What must the nurse do?
把 2.7 km 换算成厘米 x。
一家健身房收取 $20 的一次性入会费,外加每月 $12。玛丽亚一共付了 $104。她已经入会多少个月 n?
脑膜的最外层是哪一层?
一名足球运动员支撑腿的膝关节外侧受到撞击。哪种损伤组合被经典地称为“膝关节三联征”(unhappy triad)?
哪种 ABO 血型的血浆中同时含有抗 A 和抗 B 抗体?
一名糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者呼吸深快。血气应呈现什么模式?
A woman with blood type O has a child with a man of type AB. Which blood types can their children have?
After wolves are removed from a park, the deer population rises sharply and young trees are overgrazed. What does this show?
A patient's arterial blood pH is 7.25. How is this described?
Which 1-litre solution lowers the freezing point of water the most?
Which phrase is written correctly?
In the title The Art of Nursing, why is “of” not capitalised?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient reported pruritus on both arms.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The disease was found on a routine check because the patient was ___ and felt perfectly well.”
答案: B · Problem and solution
The passage states a problem (a narrow bridge) and then gives the solution (a second bridge and one-way traffic).
答案: C · Report the absence by phone.
Monday to Wednesday is three days, which is “three days or fewer”, so a phone report is enough. A note is needed only for more than three days.
答案: x = 270000 cm
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: n = 7 月
应用题:给未知数命名(例如 x = 月数),把已知事实写成一个方程,解出它,并检查答案在题目情境中是否合理。固定费用加上每单位的费率,得到总额 = 费用 + 费率 × 单位数。
答案: C · 硬脑膜
脑膜由外向内依次为硬脑膜、蛛网膜和软脑膜。脑脊液在蛛网膜与软脑膜之间的蛛网膜下腔内流动。
答案: C · 前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
外翻力加旋转会撕裂内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带以及与内侧副韧带紧密相连的内侧半月板。
答案: C · O 型
O 型血的人没有 A 或 B 抗原,同时产生抗 A 和抗 B 抗体。AB 型有两种抗原,但两种抗体都没有。
答案: D · pH 降低、碳酸氢盐降低、PaCO₂ 降低
酮酸消耗碳酸氢盐,引起代谢性酸中毒。Kussmaul 呼吸作为呼吸代偿降低了 PaCO₂。
答案: D · A or B
The mother is ii and the father is IᴬIᴮ. Children are either Iᴬi (type A) or Iᴮi (type B). None can be type O or type AB.
答案: D · Organisms in a food web depend on each other
Without predators, deer numbers grow and they eat more plants. A change at one level affects others, which shows the interdependence of organisms in a food web.
答案: C · Acidosis
A blood pH below 7.35 is acidosis, even though 7.25 is still above 7 on the pH scale. "Acidosis" means more acidic than normal for blood, not necessarily below pH 7.
答案: C · 1 M CaCl₂
Each CaCl₂ gives 3 ions (Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻), so 1 M CaCl₂ gives about 3 mol of particles. 1 M NaCl gives 2, 0.5 M NaCl gives 1 and 1 M glucose (which does not ionise) gives 1.
答案: A · five o’clock
The apostrophe in “o’clock” shows that letters are missing from the old phrase “of the clock”.
答案: B · Short prepositions in the middle of a title are usually lowercase.
In title case, short articles, conjunctions and prepositions are lowercase unless they are the first or last word. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are capitalised.
答案: B · Itching
Pruritus is the medical term for itching of the skin.
答案: A · asymptomatic
Asymptomatic means showing no symptoms, which is why routine screening can find hidden disease.
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