1公式与方法
阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
护理预科数学(入学考试)
- 运算顺序
- 括号 → 指数 → × ÷(从左到右)→ + −(从左到右)
- 分数
- a/b + c/d = (ad + bc)/bd, a/b × c/d = ac/bd, a/b ÷ c/d = a/b × d/c
- 百分比
- N 的 p% = (p/100)·N;百分数 = 部分/整体 × 100
- 百分比变化
- (新值 − 原值)/原值 × 100
- 先打折,再加税
- 价格 × (1 − d/100) × (1 + t/100)
- 比例
- a/b = c/d → ad = bc
- 平均数、中位数、众数、极差
- 总和/个数;排序后的中间值;出现最频繁的值;最大值 − 最小值
- 长度、容量、时间
- 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft, 1 gal = 4 qt = 16 cups, 1 h = 60 min
- 温度
- °F = °C·9/5 + 32, °C = (°F − 32)·5/9; 1 °C 的变化量 = 1.8 °F
- 面积
- 长方形 l·w, 三角形 ½·b·h, 圆 π·r²
- 周长与圆周长
- 长方形 2l + 2w, 圆 π·d = 2π·r
- 体积
- 长方体 l·w·h, 圆柱 π·r²·h; 1000 cm³ = 1 L
- 速率
- 距离 ÷ 时间(mph 或 km/h 的时间以小时计)
方法
- 先读最后一句:到底问的是什么,要什么单位或形式(最简形式、精确到分、保留一位小数)?
- 把数写成同一种形式:带分数化成假分数,百分数化成小数,小时和分钟化成同一个单位。
- 选择方法:表达式用 PEMDAS,分数加减用公分母,百分数用部分 ÷ 整体 × 100,比例用交叉相乘,方程用逆运算。
- 一次做一步,并把每一行都写下来;只在最后才取整。
- 用估算检查答案的大小,方程的答案要代回去检验。
护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
护理入学考试化学
方法
- 找出已知和所求:粒子、公式、状态变化、浓度、pH 或质量。
- 利用元素周期表:原子序数给出质子数,族给出价电子数和常见的离子电荷。
- 只用系数来配平方程式,逐个元素配平,最后配氧和氢。
- 对于量的计算,按质量 → 摩尔 → 摩尔比 → 摩尔 → 质量的路径,溶液则用 M = mol/L 和 C₁V₁ = C₂V₂。
- 记住 pH 是对数标度:一个单位相差 10 倍。
英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
方法
- 选择形式之前,先找出句子的主语和动词。
- 去掉短语(of the …, along with …)和多余的人称(you and …),再检验一致和代词的格。
- 检查每个分句:它能独立成句吗?用逗号加连词或分号连接独立分句。
- 检查修饰语和并列项:修饰短语紧挨着被修饰的词,并列项的形式要相同。
- 选词和语体方面,选择准确、正式而简洁的选项。
医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
方法
- 读完整个句子,寻找上下文线索:定义、对比、举例或因果关系。
- 把不熟悉的词拆成前缀、词根和后缀,并分别翻译每一部分。
- 从后缀往回读医学术语(hepat-itis:肝脏的炎症)。
- 把每个选项代入句子,检查意思是否仍然通顺。
- 选择在这个句子中使用的含义,即使这个词还有其他日常含义。
2练习题
1.阅读理解(入学考试)中等
“Insurance card: Member: J. Smith. Plan: Basic. Covers: doctor visits, hospital stays. Does not cover: dental, eye care.” Which service would this plan NOT pay for?
- AA week-long stay in hospital
- BA night in hospital
- CA visit to the doctor
- DA dental check-up
2.阅读理解(入学考试)困难
The author writes: “Fluoride in drinking water has been linked to fewer cavities in many studies. However, the amount must be carefully controlled, because too much can stain children’s teeth.” Which statement would the author most likely agree with?
- AThe more fluoride, the better.
- BFluoride is helpful in the right amount.
- CFluoride has no effect on teeth.
- DFluoride should be banned completely.
3.护理预科数学(入学考试)中等
折线图显示了从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,每 2 小时一次的室外温度。 从第 4 小时到第 6 小时,数值变化了多少 Δ?减少时用负数。
Δ = °C
4.护理预科数学(入学考试)困难
在一门课程中,作业占成绩的 25%,期中考试占 25%,期末考试占 50%。一名学生作业得 69%,期中得 97%,期末得 72%。这门课程的成绩 G 是多少? 保留一位小数。
25% · 6925% · 9750% · 72
G = %
5.人体解剖学中等
肝门静脉由哪两条静脉汇合而成?
- A肝静脉和脾静脉
- B肠系膜上静脉和脾静脉
- C肠系膜上静脉和左肾静脉
- D下腔静脉和肾静脉
6.人体解剖学困难
一名足球运动员支撑腿的膝关节外侧受到撞击。哪种损伤组合被经典地称为“膝关节三联征”(unhappy triad)?
- A前交叉韧带、后交叉韧带和髌韧带
- B前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
- C后交叉韧带、外侧副韧带和外侧半月板
- D内侧副韧带、外侧副韧带和髌骨
7.人体生理学中等
醛固酮对肾脏的主要作用是什么?
- A增加肾小球的滤过
- B在远端肾单位促进钠重吸收和钾分泌
- C在近端小管促进葡萄糖重吸收
- D仅通过插入水通道蛋白促进水重吸收
8.人体生理学困难
一名惊恐发作时过度通气的患者手指麻刺。动脉血气最可能显示什么?
- ApH 降低,碳酸氢盐降低
- BpH 降低,PaCO₂ 升高
- CpH 升高,碳酸氢盐升高
- DpH 升高,PaCO₂ 降低
9.护理入学考试生物中等
A study finds a positive correlation between hours of exercise and lung capacity. What does this mean?
- AAs exercise increases, lung capacity tends to increase
- BThere is no link between the two variables
- CExercise has been proven to cause higher lung capacity
- DAs exercise increases, lung capacity tends to decrease
10.护理入学考试生物困难
一个点突变使密码子 GAA 变为 GAG,两者都编码谷氨酸。这是哪种突变?
- A移码突变
- B染色体缺失
- C无义突变
- D沉默突变
11.护理入学考试化学中等
What colour is phenolphthalein indicator in a basic solution?
- AYellow
- BPink
- CBlue
- DColourless
12.护理入学考试化学困难
A student tests whether water temperature affects how fast sugar dissolves. Which set of factors should be kept the same in every trial?
- AThe mass of sugar, the type of sugar, the volume of water and the amount of stirring
- BThe water temperature and the dissolving time
- COnly the colour of the cup
- DNothing, because changing several factors at once gives more useful data
13.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)中等
Which sentence punctuates the date correctly in American style?
- AThe clinic opened on June 4, 2019, in a small town.
- BThe clinic opened on June, 4, 2019 in a small town.
- CThe clinic opened on June 4 2019, in a small town.
- DThe clinic opened on June, 4 2019 in a small town.
14.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)困难
Which sentence is a complex sentence?
- AThe lab was closed, so the samples were sent elsewhere.
- BThe lab was closed, and the samples were sent elsewhere, but no one was told.
- CBecause the lab was closed, the samples were sent elsewhere.
- DThe lab was closed; the samples were sent elsewhere.
15.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)中等
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The doctor ordered an analgesic after surgery.”
- AA drug that reduces stomach acid
- BA pain reliever
- CA drug that kills bacteria
- DA drug that causes sleep
16.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)困难
Which word is the opposite of anterior?
- AMedial
- BLateral
- CPosterior
- DSuperior
3溶液
1.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: D · A dental check-up
为什么是这个答案
Dental and eye care are listed as not covered, so a dental check-up would not be paid for. Doctor visits and hospital stays of any length are covered.
2.阅读理解(入学考试)
答案: B · Fluoride is helpful in the right amount.
为什么是这个答案
The author supports fluoride’s benefits but stresses careful control of the dose.
B · Fluoride is helpful in the right amount.
3.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: Δ = −2 °C
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
4.护理预科数学(入学考试)
答案: G = 77.5 %
加权平均:当各部分所占的百分比不同时,把每个分数乘以它的权重(用小数表示)再相加。只有当每个部分的权重相同时,对分数直接取平均才是对的。
给每个分数加权
0.25 × 69 = 17.25
0.25 × 97 = 24.25
0.5 × 72 = 36
相加
G = 17.25 + 24.25 + 36 = 77.5%
5.人体解剖学
答案: B · 肠系膜上静脉和脾静脉
为什么是这个答案
门静脉在胰颈后方由肠系膜上静脉和脾静脉汇合而成。它把富含营养物质的血液送到肝脏。
6.人体解剖学
答案: B · 前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带和内侧半月板
为什么是这个答案
外翻力加旋转会撕裂内侧副韧带、前交叉韧带以及与内侧副韧带紧密相连的内侧半月板。
7.人体生理学
答案: B · 在远端肾单位促进钠重吸收和钾分泌
为什么是这个答案
醛固酮作用于远端小管和集合管,增加 Na⁺ 重吸收和 K⁺ 分泌。水随钠一起被重吸收,使血容量增加。
8.人体生理学
答案: D · pH 升高,PaCO₂ 降低
为什么是这个答案
过度通气排出 CO₂,引起急性呼吸性碱中毒。碱中毒使钙与白蛋白的结合增加,离子钙降低,从而引起麻刺感。
9.护理入学考试生物
答案: A · As exercise increases, lung capacity tends to increase
为什么是这个答案
A positive correlation means both variables tend to rise together. Correlation alone does not prove that one causes the other; a controlled experiment is needed for that.
A · As exercise increases, lung capacity tends to increase
10.护理入学考试生物
答案: D · 沉默突变
为什么是这个答案
因为多个密码子编码同一种氨基酸,所以有些碱基改变不会改变蛋白质。这些就是沉默突变。
11.护理入学考试化学
答案: B · Pink
为什么是这个答案
Phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic and neutral solutions and turns pink in basic solutions (above about pH 8–10). It is widely used in acid–base titrations.
12.护理入学考试化学
答案: A · The mass of sugar, the type of sugar, the volume of water and the amount of stirring
为什么是这个答案
For a fair test, every factor except the independent variable (temperature) must be controlled. Otherwise a change in dissolving time could be caused by something else, such as more stirring or finer sugar.
A · The mass of sugar, the type of sugar, the volume of water and the amount of stirring
13.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: A · The clinic opened on June 4, 2019, in a small town.
为什么是这个答案
In American style a comma separates the day from the year, and a second comma follows the year when the sentence continues. British style usually writes 4 June 2019, with no commas.
A · The clinic opened on June 4, 2019, in a small town.
14.英语语法与语言运用(入学考试)
答案: C · Because the lab was closed, the samples were sent elsewhere.
为什么是这个答案
“Because the lab was closed” is a dependent clause joined to an independent clause, which makes A complex. B, C and D join only independent clauses, so they are compound.
C · Because the lab was closed, the samples were sent elsewhere.
15.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: B · A pain reliever
为什么是这个答案
An analgesic is a medication that relieves pain.
16.医疗保健词汇(入学考试)
答案: C · Posterior
为什么是这个答案
Anterior means front and posterior means back.
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