阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
The nutrition label on a cereal box lists, per serving: 120 calories, 2 g fat, 9 g sugar and 3 g fibre. The box contains 10 servings. How much sugar is in the whole box?
“Many patients feel nervous before surgery. Nurses can help by explaining what will happen, answering questions and letting patients know that their feelings are normal.” What is the author’s purpose?
一份潘趣酒配方可做 2 加仑。那是多少杯 x?
一位家庭护理护士在 4 h 12 min 内开了 252 英里。平均速度 v 是多少英里/小时?
脑干的哪一部分含有主要的心血管中枢和呼吸中枢?
卒中后,患者说话流利,但用词毫无意义,且不能理解别人说话。病变最可能在哪里?
在心动周期的哪个时相,四个心脏瓣膜全部关闭而心室压力上升?
为什么乳糖酶缺乏的人喝牛奶后会腹泻和腹胀?
A deletion removes exactly three bases, forming one whole codon, from the middle of a gene. What is the most likely result?
Kidney tubule cells move glucose from the filtrate back into the blood, even when there is less glucose in the filtrate than in the cells. What does this show?
What is the oxidation number of an element in its uncombined (elemental) form, such as Fe or O₂?
Water is split as 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂. What volume of O₂ at STP (0 °C and 1 atm) forms from 2 mol of water?
Which sentence punctuates “however” correctly in the middle of a clause?
What type of clause is underlined? “I will call you when I finish my shift.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The supply room is adjacent to the nurses’ station.”
In anatomy, which word is the opposite of superior?
答案: D · 90 g
9 g per serving × 10 servings = 90 g of sugar in the box.
答案: A · To describe how nurses can ease patients’ fears
The passage informs readers about ways nurses can reduce patient anxiety. It does not argue against surgery or criticise nurses.
答案: x = 32 杯
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: v = 60 mph
速率与比例尺:速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间,时间要用答案所需的单位(2 h 15 min = 2.25 h,因为 15 min = 15/60 h)。地图比例尺是一个比例:地图上的 1 cm 代表地面上的固定距离,所以把地图距离乘以它。
答案: D · 延髓
延髓含有调节心率、血压和呼吸节律的生命中枢。
答案: D · 优势半球颞上回后部
这是韦尼克失语(感受性失语),由颞上回后部的韦尼克区受损引起。额下回的布洛卡区受损则引起非流利性失语。
答案: C · 等容收缩期
房室瓣关闭后,心室在半月瓣关闭的情况下收缩。压力升高而容积不变,直到主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣打开。
答案: D · 未消化的乳糖把水吸入肠道,并被结肠细菌发酵
未被吸收的乳糖产生渗透作用,把水拉入肠腔。结肠细菌将其发酵,产生气体和短链脂肪酸。
答案: C · The protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
Because three bases are removed, the codons after the deletion are still read in the correct frame. The protein loses one amino acid, which may or may not affect its function.
答案: D · Glucose is moved by active transport
Moving glucose from a lower to a higher concentration goes against the gradient, so energy is needed. This is active transport, here powered by the sodium gradient set up by the sodium-potassium pump.
答案: B · 0
An element on its own has an oxidation number of 0, because there is no transfer or unequal sharing of electrons with a different element.
答案: B · 22.4 L
2 mol H₂O gives 1 mol O₂ (ratio 2 : 1). At STP, 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4 L. The 2 mol of H₂ formed would fill 44.8 L.
答案: A · The test, however, was easier than expected.
When “however” interrupts a single clause, it is set off with a pair of commas. A semicolon is used only when “however” joins two independent clauses.
答案: B · A dependent (subordinate) clause
“When I finish my shift” has a subject and a verb but begins with a subordinating conjunction, so it cannot stand alone.
答案: C · Next to
Adjacent means next to or adjoining something.
答案: A · Inferior
Superior means above or toward the head, and inferior means below or toward the feet.
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