阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
“Although the hiking trail was steep and rocky, the view from the top made the climb worthwhile.” What does the author suggest?
“Dear Editor, I have lived on Elm Street for forty years. The council’s plan to cut down the old oak trees for wider pavements would destroy the character of our street. I urge readers to attend Thursday’s meeting.” What is the writer’s main goal?
折线图显示了从第 0 小时到第 10 小时,每 2 小时一次候诊室里的人数。 从第 6 小时到第 10 小时,数值变化了多少 Δ?减少时用负数。
解出 x:3(x − 9) = 4x − 35。
人体最大的神经是哪条?
L4–L5 巨大中央型椎间盘突出导致鞍区麻木、尿潴留和双下肢无力。受压的是哪个结构?
下列哪一项是体内正反馈的经典例子?
某患者动脉血气显示 pH 7.30、PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa(59 mmHg)、碳酸氢盐正常。最可能的紊乱是什么?
Why must human gametes be haploid?
A pre-mRNA is 3000 bases long, and 1200 bases of introns are removed. If all remaining bases code for amino acids, what is the largest number of amino acids in the protein?
What are isomers?
Why does food cook faster in a pressure cooker?
Choose the correct pronoun: “The award went to Jamal and ___.”
Choose the correct verb: “Everybody except the two new nurses ___ finished the training.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Poor eyesight can be a barrier to reading labels.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient with meningitis had photophobia.”
答案: B · The view was worth the difficult climb.
The sentence admits the trail was hard but says the view made it worthwhile, so the reward outweighed the effort.
答案: B · To get readers to oppose the plan at the meeting
The writer criticises the plan and urges readers to attend the meeting, showing the goal is to rally opposition.
答案: Δ = −20
读图表:先读标题、类别和刻度。在条形图或折线图上,从条形顶端或点向纵轴水平看过去;每条网格线是刻度的一格。饼图表示整体的各个部分:p% 的扇形代表总量的 p%,其角度为 360° 的 p%。
答案: x = 8
解方程:对等式两边做同样的操作,直到 x 单独在一边。按相反的顺序撤销运算:先撤销加法或减法,再撤销乘法或除法。用分配律 a(x + b) = ax + ab 去掉括号,并把含 x 的项合并到一边。把答案代回去检验。
答案: A · 坐骨神经
坐骨神经(L4–S3)经坐骨大孔出骨盆,支配腘绳肌以及膝以下的全部肌肉。小腿内侧的皮肤则由隐神经支配。
答案: A · 马尾
L1–L2 以下的椎管内是马尾。这些腰骶神经根受到中央型压迫会引起马尾综合征,属于外科急症。
答案: D · 分娩时催产素的释放
宫颈受牵拉促使催产素释放,催产素增强宫缩,造成更多牵拉。这个循环以分娩结束。其他例子都是负反馈。
答案: D · 急性呼吸性酸中毒
pH 低且 CO₂ 高,提示呼吸性酸中毒。碳酸氢盐尚未升高,说明肾脏还没有代偿:这是急性的。
答案: B · So that the zygote has the normal number of 46 chromosomes
Each gamete carries 23 chromosomes. When egg and sperm fuse, the zygote gets 46. If gametes were diploid, the chromosome number would double each generation.
答案: B · 600
3000 − 1200 = 1800 bases remain in the mature mRNA. Each amino acid needs 3 bases, so 1800 ÷ 3 = 600 amino acids.
答案: C · Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures
Isomers have the same number and type of atoms arranged differently, which gives them different properties. Glucose and fructose are isomers. Isotopes are about neutrons, not structure.
答案: C · The higher pressure raises the boiling point, so the water is hotter
Sealing the pot raises the pressure, so water must reach a higher temperature (above 100 °C) before it boils. The hotter water cooks food faster. Autoclaves use the same idea to sterilise equipment.
答案: A · her
“The award went to her” is correct; after the preposition “to” the object form is needed.
答案: D · has
The subject is “everybody”, which is singular. The phrase “except the two new nurses” does not change the number of the subject.
答案: D · Obstacle
A barrier is something that prevents or blocks progress.
答案: A · Sensitivity to light
Photophobia is discomfort or pain in the eyes caused by light.
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