阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Unlike most fish, the salmon is born in fresh water, travels to the ocean to grow and then returns to the same river to lay its eggs. Which choice best summarises the passage?
“Patients must not eat or drink after midnight before surgery. Small sips of water to take morning medicines are allowed only if the surgeon has agreed.” A patient’s surgeon has agreed. What may the patient do at 7 a.m.?
哪个最简分数或带分数等于小数 1.034?点击它。
3 个连续偶数的和是 126。 其中最大的是多少 x?
脑底的 Willis 环(大脑动脉环)连接哪两个动脉供血系统?
腋窝淋巴结手术后,患者用手推墙时肩胛骨从胸壁上翘起。损伤的是哪条神经?
哪些感受器主要对动脉血氧水平下降起反应?
测量肾小球滤过率的金标准是哪种物质的清除率?
翻译发生在哪里?
Two parents who both have a genetic condition have a child who does not. Assuming a single gene, what inheritance pattern does this show?
Drops of water form on the outside of a glass of ice water. Where does this water come from?
某溶液的氢离子浓度为 1 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L。它的 pH 是多少,是酸性还是碱性?
Choose the correct words: “The nurses were ___ for the inspection.”
Choose the correct verb for formal writing: “He talks as if he ___ the boss.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient had a laceration on her scalp after the fall.”
What does the term splenomegaly mean?
答案: B · Salmon move between rivers and the ocean during their lives.
The passage describes the salmon’s movement from river to ocean and back. The other choices contradict or go beyond the passage.
答案: D · Take morning medicines with a small sip of water
Nothing may be eaten or drunk after midnight, except small sips of water for medicines when the surgeon agrees. This patient has that agreement.
答案: 1 17/500
分数、小数和百分数是书写同一个数的三种方式。分数 → 小数:分子除以分母。小数 → 百分数:乘以 100(小数点右移两位)。百分数 → 小数:除以 100。小数 → 分数:把数字写在 10、100 或 1000 上(每一位小数一个零)再约分。
答案: x = 44
应用题:给未知数命名(例如 x = 月数),把已知事实写成一个方程,解出它,并检查答案在题目情境中是否合理。固定费用加上每单位的费率,得到总额 = 费用 + 费率 × 单位数。
答案: D · 颈内动脉系统和椎-基底动脉系统
Willis 环把颈内动脉与基底动脉(由椎动脉汇合而成)连接起来,可提供一定的侧支血流。
答案: B · 胸长神经
胸长神经支配前锯肌,前锯肌使肩胛骨紧贴胸壁。损伤会导致翼状肩胛。
答案: D · 颈动脉体和主动脉体中的外周化学感受器
颈动脉体和主动脉体检测低 PaO₂(也检测高 CO₂ 和 H⁺)。中枢化学感受器对 CO₂ 起反应,但不直接对氧起反应。
答案: D · 菊粉
菊粉能自由滤过,既不被重吸收也不被分泌,所以其清除率恰好等于 GFR。肌酐会少量分泌,因此会略微高估 GFR。
答案: A · 核糖体上
核糖体读取 mRNA 密码子,并把转运 RNA 携带的氨基酸连接成蛋白质。
答案: D · Autosomal dominant, with both parents heterozygous
If the trait were recessive, both affected parents would be aa and all children would be aa and affected. An unaffected child means the trait is dominant and both parents are Aa, so each child has a 1/4 chance of being aa and unaffected.
答案: C · Water vapour in the air condenses on the cold glass
Water vapour in the air touching the cold glass cools, loses energy and condenses into liquid droplets. Dew forms on grass the same way.
答案: B · pH 9,碱性
pH = −log(10⁻⁹) = 9。pH 高于 7 为碱性。定义中的负号使 pH 为正值。
答案: D · all ready
“All ready” means completely prepared. “Already” means before now or by this time, as in “She has already left.”
答案: B · were
After “as if” or “as though” for an unreal situation, formal English uses the subjunctive “were” for all subjects.
答案: A · A torn or jagged cut
A laceration is a wound in which the skin is torn or cut, often with irregular edges.
答案: C · Enlargement of the spleen
Splenomegaly is an enlarged spleen; -megaly means enlargement.
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