阅读理解(入学考试)
方法
- 先读问题,这样你就知道要找什么。
- 快速浏览短文,了解其主题和要点;第一句或最后一句往往会点明。
- 回到能回答该问题的那几行原文。
- 对于推断题,选择线索最有力支持的选项,而不是推得更远的选项。
- 对于标签和表格,应用所有适用于该情形的规则,并仔细完成小的计算。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 16 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Some animals hibernate in winter. Their heart rate and breathing slow down, and their body temperature drops. This saves energy at a time when food is hard to find. Why do some animals hibernate?
Passage A: “The museum should be free so everyone can enjoy it.” Passage B: “If the museum is free, it may not have money to care for its collection.” What concern does Passage B raise?
一条步道长 0.75 英里。那是多少英尺 x?
在打折 20% 的促销中,一个听诊器售价 $132。原价 x 是多少美元?
哪个结构产生大部分脑脊液?
腰椎穿刺时,穿刺针进入硬膜外隙之前最后穿过的是哪条韧带?
维生素 D 活化的最后一步(1α-羟化)在哪里进行?
发热开始时,尽管体温正在上升,患者却寒战并感到冷。为什么?
什么决定蛋白质的形状和功能?
把一个红细胞放入溶质浓度与其细胞质相同的溶液中。会发生什么?
Which coefficients balance __Na + __Cl₂ → __NaCl?
A sealed bag of crisps (potato chips) packed at sea level looks puffed up when it is carried to a high mountain. Why?
Which sentence punctuates the date correctly in American style?
Choose the correct verb: “On the shelf ___ a box of gloves and a roll of tape.”
What does the abbreviation PRN mean on a medication order?
Which word is the opposite of intrinsic?
答案: C · To save energy when food is scarce
The passage says hibernation saves energy when food is hard to find. Heart rate slows rather than rises.
答案: A · Funding for upkeep of the collection
Passage B worries that without ticket income the museum might lack money to look after its collection.
答案: x = 3960 ft
单位换算:乘以一个等于 1 的因子,写成能约去旧单位的形式:3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in。公制长度:1 km = 1000 m,1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm,1 cm = 10 mm。美制:1 ft = 12 in,1 yd = 3 ft,1 mi = 5280 ft;1 gal = 4 qt,1 qt = 2 pt,1 pt = 2 cups;1 ton = 2000 lb。时间:1 h = 60 min,1 min = 60 s,1 day = 24 h,1 week = 7 days。单位越小,数值越大。
答案: x = 165 $
逆向百分数:当一个数值已经按某个百分数增加或减少后,新值是原值的百分之几,而不是反过来。打八折(减 20%)后,价格是原价的 80%,所以原价 = 新价格 ÷ 0.80。千万不要把 20% 加回新价格上。
答案: C · 脉络丛
脑室内的脉络丛分泌大部分脑脊液。脑脊液经蛛网膜颗粒重吸收入静脉血。
答案: A · 黄韧带
穿刺针依次穿过皮肤、棘上韧带、棘间韧带,再穿过黄韧带进入硬膜外隙,然后穿过硬脊膜和蛛网膜进入蛛网膜下腔。
答案: D · 肾脏
维生素 D 在皮肤中合成或从食物中摄入,在肝脏中羟化,然后在肾脏中活化为骨化三醇。因此肾衰竭会导致维生素 D 缺乏。
答案: A · 致热原把下丘脑体温调定点升高到当前体温以上
致热原促使下丘脑产生前列腺素 E₂,使调定点升高。在体温达到新的调定点之前,会出现寒战等产热反应。
答案: D · 其氨基酸的序列
氨基酸序列(一级结构)决定肽链如何折叠,而折叠后的形状决定蛋白质的功能。
答案: A · 水没有净移动;细胞保持其形状
在等渗溶液中,水进出的速率相同,所以没有净变化。水分子仍然在穿过;只是没有净流动。
答案: A · 2, 1, 2
Cl₂ has two Cl atoms, so 2NaCl is needed, which needs 2Na: 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl. Each side has 2 Na and 2 Cl.
答案: C · The outside air pressure is lower, so the gas inside expands
The bag is flexible, so the gas inside expands until its pressure matches the lower outside pressure. Fewer collisions from the outside let the bag swell (Boyle's law).
答案: C · The clinic opened on June 4, 2019, in a small town.
In American style a comma separates the day from the year, and a second comma follows the year when the sentence continues. British style usually writes 4 June 2019, with no commas.
答案: C · sit
The sentence is inverted. The subject is “a box of gloves and a roll of tape”, which is compound and plural, so the verb is “sit”.
答案: D · As needed
PRN means the medication is given when needed, for example for pain, rather than at set times.
答案: C · Extrinsic
Intrinsic means coming from within, and extrinsic means coming from outside.
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