护理入学考试生物
方法
- 说出这道题的主题:细胞结构、物质运输、细胞分裂、DNA 与蛋白质合成、遗传、生物分子、微生物或实验设计。
- 回忆关键规则:A–T 和 G–C,扩散由高浓度向低浓度,水向溶质更多的一侧移动,有丝分裂保持而减数分裂减半染色体数目。
- 对于杂交,先写出亲本的基因型,列出配子,并填好庞尼特方格再计数。
- 对于实验,标出自变量、因变量和控制变量,并问一问证据是支持还是仅仅提示了结论。
- 把每个选项与所问的问题对照,而不是只看它是不是一句真话。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 8 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
哪类血管把含氧血从肺运回心脏?
胎儿的动脉导管连接肺动脉干与主动脉。出生后它变成什么?
心脏的天然起搏点在哪里?
哪种变化会使氧–血红蛋白解离曲线右移?
两个杂合亲本(Aa × Aa)杂交。预期的基因型比例是多少?
A diploid cell contains 10 units of DNA in G1. How many units are in each cell at the end of meiosis II?
Why must temperatures be in kelvin in gas law calculations?
Gently heating DNA separates its two strands, but each strand stays in one piece. Why?
答案: D · 肺静脉
四条肺静脉把含氧血注入左心房。它们是“静脉运送缺氧血”这一规律的主要例外。
答案: A · 动脉韧带
动脉导管在出生后闭合,成为动脉韧带。卵圆孔变成卵圆窝,静脉导管变成静脉韧带。
答案: C · 窦房结
窦房结以最快的频率自发去极化,决定心律。房室结在冲动传到心室前使其延迟。
答案: B · 温度升高
温度、CO₂、H⁺(pH 降低)和 2,3-BPG 升高都会降低血红蛋白的亲和力,使曲线右移,为活跃组织释放更多氧气。
答案: D · 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
方格给出 AA、Aa、aA 和 aa,即 1 : 2 : 1。表型比例是 3 显性 : 1 隐性。
答案: A · 5 units
After S phase the cell has 20 units. Meiosis I divides it into two cells of 10 units, and meiosis II into four cells of 5 units each, half the G1 amount, which matches the haploid state.
答案: C · Gas volume and pressure are proportional to the absolute temperature
Gas volume and pressure are proportional to temperature measured from absolute zero. Celsius values can be zero or negative, which would give impossible answers in the ratios.
答案: A · The strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonds, while each strand's backbone is covalent
The bases pair across the two strands through hydrogen bonds, which are relatively weak and break on heating. The sugar–phosphate backbone of each strand is held by strong covalent bonds, which stay intact.
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